stash: avoid recomputing tree when committing worktree

Variadic macros

Add sign capability to git_rebase_commit

remote: remove unused block of code

Adjust printf specifiers in examples code

In "remote.c", we have a chunk of code that is #ifdef'fed out via
`#if 0` with a comment that we could export it as a helper function.
The code was implemented in 2013 and ifdef'fed in 2014, which shows that
there's clearly no interest in having such a helper at all.

As this block has recently created some confusion about `p_getenv` due
to it containing the only reference to that function in our codebase,
let's remove this block altogether.

config: check if we are running in a sandboxed environment

Static analysis of example code found multiple findings of `printf` usage
where filling value is members of git_indexer_progress object. Specifier
used was for signed int but git_indexer_progress members are typed as
unsigned ints. `printf` specifiers were altered to match type.

On macOS the $HOME environment variable returns the path to the sandbox container instead of the actual user $HOME for sandboxed apps. To get the correct path, we have to get it from the password file entry.

Fix example checkout to forbid rather than require --

editorconfig: update to match our coding style

Compare buffers in diff example

The macro `p_snprintf` is implemented as a variadic macro that
calls `snprintf` directly with `__VA_ARGS__`. In C89, variadic
macros are not allowed, but as the arguments of `p_snprintf` and
`snprintf` are matching 1:1, we can fix this by simply removing
the parameter list from `p_snprintf`.

The macro `apply_err` is implemented as a variadic macro, which
are not defined by C89. Convert it to a variadic function,
instead.

The macro `git_parse_error` is implemented in a variadic way so
that it's possible to pass printf-style parameters.
Unfortunately, variadic macros are not defined by C89 and thus we
cannot use that functionality. But as we have implemented
`git_error_vset` in the previous commit, we can now just use that
instead.

Convert `git_parse_error` to a variadic function and use
`git_error_vset` to fix the compliance violation. While at it,
move the function to "patch_parse.c".

Right now, we only provide a `git_error_set` that has a variadic
function signature. It's impossible to drive this function in a
C89-compliant way from other functions that have a variadic
signature, though, like for example `git_parse_error`.

Implement a new `git_error_vset` function that gets a `va_list`
as parameter, fixing the above problem.

Include ahead_behind in the test suite

config: separate file and snapshot backends

object: deprecate git_object__size for removal

In #5118 we remove the double-underscore to make it a normally-named public
function. However, this is not an interesting function outside of the library
and it takes up a name for something that could be more useful.

Remove the single-underscore version as we have not done any releases with it.

The internal backend structures are kind-of legacy and do not really
speak for themselves. Rename them accordingly to make them easier to
understand.

To further distinguish the file writeable and readonly backends,
separate the readonly backend into its own "config_snapshot.c"
implementation. The snapshot backend can be generically used to snapshot
any type of backend.

In `backend_readonly_free`, the passed in config backend is being cast
to a `diskfile_backend` instead of to a `diskfile_readonly_backend`.
While this works out just fine because we only access its header values,
which were shared between both backends, it is undefined behaviour.

Use the correct type to fix this.

The `diskfile_header` structure is shared between both
`diskfile_backend` and `diskfile_readonly_backend`. The separation and
resulting casting is confusing at times and a source for programming
errors.

Remove the shared structure and inline them directly.

While most functions of the readonly configuration backend are
implemented separately from the writeable configuration backend, the two
functions `config_iterator_new` and `config_get` are shared between
both. This sharing makes it necessary to have some shared data
structures, which is the `diskfile_header` structure. Unfortunately, this
makes the backends harder to grasp than necessary due to all the casting
between structs and also quite error prone.

Reimplement those functions for the readonly backends. As readonly
backends cannot be refreshed anyway, we can remove the calls to
`config_refresh` in there.

The `config_readonly_open` function currently receives as input a
diskfile backend and will copy its entries to a new snapshot. This is
rather intimate, as we need to assume that the source config backend is
in fact a diskfile entry. We can do better than this though by using
generic methods to copy contents of the provided backend, e.g. by using
a config iterator. This also allows us to decouple the read-only backend
from the read-write backend.

When duplicating a configuration entry, we allocate a new entry but do
not verify that we get a valid pointer back. As we're dereferencing the
pointer afterwards, we might thus run into a segfault in out-of-memory
situations.

Extract a new function `git_config_entries_dup_entry` that handles the
complete entry duplication. Fix the error by using
`GIT_ERROR_CHECK_ALLOC`.

Make the example program for checkout follow git syntax, where
"--" indicates a file.  This was likely just a strcmp return
value confusion.

Update editorconfig to match our coding style. Most importantly, we set
up the tab width to be 8 characters instead of the default and use
2 spaces to indent YAML files.

config_file: refresh when creating an iterator

There was a bug when calling `git_remote_list` that caused us to not
re-read modified configurations when using `git_config_iterator`. This
bug also impacted `git_remote_list`, which thus failed to provide an
up-to-date list of remotes. Add a test suite remote::list with a single
test that verifies we do the right thing.

When creating a new iterator for a config file backend, then we should
always make sure that we're up to date by calling `config_refresh`.
Otherwise, we might not notice when another process has modified the
configuration file and thus will represent outdated values.

Add two tests to config::stress that verify that we get up-to-date
values when reading configuration entries via `git_config_iterator`.

If calling `config_refresh` on a read-only configuration file backend,
then we will segfault when comparing the timestamp of the file due to
`path` being uninitialized. As a read-only snapshot should not be
refreshed anyway and stay consistent, we can simply return early when
calling `config_refresh` on a read-only snapshot.

azure: drop powershell

fuzzer: use futils instead of fileops

w32: fix unlinking of directory symlinks