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Commit 01b3b9e3 by Jonathan Wakely Committed by Jonathan Wakely
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Update libstdc++ documentation for Support and Diagnostics clauses 

	* doc/xml/manual/diagnostics.xml: Update list of headers that define
	exception classes.
	* doc/xml/manual/support.xml: Rewrite advice around NULL. Rewrite
	section about new/delete overloads. Improve section on verbose
	terminate handler.
	* doc/html/*: Regenerate.

From-SVN: r271782
parent 30f78ec7
Showing with 106 additions and 55 deletions
libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog
2019-05-30 Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
* doc/xml/manual/diagnostics.xml: Update list of headers that define
exception classes.
* doc/xml/manual/support.xml: Rewrite advice around NULL. Rewrite
section about new/delete overloads. Improve section on verbose
terminate handler.
* doc/html/*: Regenerate.
* doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2020.xml: Add feature-test macro for
P0811R3. Change status of P1353R0.
* doc/html/*: Regenerate.
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/index.html
......@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/support.html">4.
Support
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/diagnostics.html">5.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/dynamic_memory.html#std.support.memory.notes">Additional Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/diagnostics.html">5.
Diagnostics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/utilities.html">6.
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/diagnostics.html
......@@ -8,20 +8,32 @@
Diagnostics
<a id="id-1.3.4.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"></a>API Reference</h3></div></div></div><p>
All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header
files: <code class="filename">exception</code>,
<code class="filename">stdexcept</code>, <code class="filename">new</code>, and
<code class="filename">typeinfo</code>.
Most exception classes are defined in one of the standard headers
<code class="filename">&lt;exception&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;stdexcept&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;new&gt;</code>, and
<code class="filename">&lt;typeinfo&gt;</code>.
The C++ 2011 revision of the standard added more exception types
in the headers
<code class="filename">&lt;functional&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;future&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;regex&gt;</code>, and
<code class="filename">&lt;system_error&gt;</code>.
The C++ 2017 revision of the standard added more exception types
in the headers
<code class="filename">&lt;any&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;filesystem&gt;</code>,
<code class="filename">&lt;optional&gt;</code>, and
<code class="filename">&lt;variant&gt;</code>.
</p><p>
The base exception object is <code class="classname">exception</code>,
located in <code class="filename">exception</code>. This object has no
<code class="classname">string</code> member.
All exceptions thrown by the library have a base class of type
<code class="classname">std::exception</code>,
defined in <code class="filename">&lt;exception&gt;</code>.
This type has no <code class="classname">std::string</code> member.
</p><p>
Derived from this are several classes that may have a
<code class="classname">string</code> member: a full hierarchy can be
<code class="classname">std::string</code> member. A full hierarchy can be
found in the source documentation.
</p><p>
Full API details.
</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.data"></a>Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as
data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/index.html
......@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4.
Support
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html#std.support.memory.notes">Additional Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
Diagnostics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/std_contents.html
......@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4.
Support
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html#std.support.memory.notes">Additional Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
Diagnostics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/support.html
......@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dynamic_memory.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.support"></a>Chapter 4. 
Support
<a id="id-1.3.4.2.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html#std.support.memory.notes">Additional Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
This part deals with the functions called and objects created
automatically during the course of a program's existence.
</p><p>
......@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
Specializing parts of the library on these types is prohibited:
instead, use a POD.
</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.support.types.numeric_limits"></a>Numeric Properties</h3></div></div></div><p>
The header <code class="filename">limits</code> defines
The header <code class="filename">&lt;limits&gt;</code> defines
traits classes to give access to various implementation
defined-aspects of the fundamental types. The traits classes --
fourteen in total -- are all specializations of the class template
......@@ -102,28 +102,36 @@
The only change that might affect people is the type of
<code class="constant">NULL</code>: while it is required to be a macro,
the definition of that macro is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> allowed
to be <code class="constant">(void*)0</code>, which is often used in C.
to be an expression with pointer type such as
<code class="constant">(void*)0</code>, which is often used in C.
</p><p>
For <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span>, <code class="constant">NULL</code> is
<code class="code">#define</code>'d to be
<code class="constant">__null</code>, a magic keyword extension of
<span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span>.
<span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span> that is slightly safer than a plain integer.
</p><p>
The biggest problem of #defining <code class="constant">NULL</code> to be
something like <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">0L</span>”</span> is that the compiler will view
that as a long integer before it views it as a pointer, so
overloading won't do what you expect. (This is why
<span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span> has a magic extension, so that
<code class="constant">NULL</code> is always a pointer.)
</p><p>In his book <a class="link" href="http://www.aristeia.com/books.html" target="_top"><span class="emphasis"><em>Effective
C++</em></span></a>, Scott Meyers points out that the best way
to solve this problem is to not overload on pointer-vs-integer
types to begin with. He also offers a way to make your own magic
<code class="constant">NULL</code> that will match pointers before it
matches integers.
</p><p>See the
<a class="link" href="http://www.aristeia.com/books.html" target="_top"><span class="emphasis"><em>Effective
C++ CD</em></span></a> example.
overloading won't do what you expect. It might not even have the
same size as a pointer, so passing <code class="constant">NULL</code> to a
varargs function where a pointer is expected might not even work
correctly if <code class="code">sizeof(NULL) &lt; sizeof(void*)</code>.
The G++ <code class="constant">__null</code> extension is defined so that
<code class="code">sizeof(__null) == sizeof(void*)</code> to avoid this problem.
</p><p>
Scott Meyers explains this in more detail in his book
<a class="link" href="https://www.aristeia.com/books.html" target="_top"><span class="emphasis"><em>Effective
Modern C++</em></span></a> and as a guideline to solve this problem
recommends to not overload on pointer-vs-integer types to begin with.
</p><p>
The C++ 2011 standard added the <code class="constant">nullptr</code> keyword,
which is a null pointer constant of a special type,
<code class="classname">std::nullptr_t</code>. Values of this type can be
implicitly converted to <span class="emphasis"><em>any</em></span> pointer type,
and cannot convert to integer types or be deduced as an integer type.
Unless you need to be compatible with C++98/C++03 or C you should prefer
to use <code class="constant">nullptr</code> instead of <code class="constant">NULL</code>.
</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="std_contents.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="std_contents.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dynamic_memory.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Part II. 
Standard Contents
 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Dynamic Memory</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/termination.html
......@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
Support
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.support.termination"></a>Termination</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="support.termination.handlers"></a>Termination Handlers</h3></div></div></div><p>
Not many changes here to <code class="filename">cstdlib</code>. You should note that the
Not many changes here to
<code class="filename">&lt;cstdlib&gt;</code>.
You should note that the
<code class="function">abort()</code> function does not call the
destructors of automatic nor static objects, so if you're
depending on those to do cleanup, it isn't going to happen.
......@@ -24,8 +26,8 @@
The previous two actions are <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">interleaved,</span>”</span> that is,
given this pseudocode:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
extern "C or C++" void f1 (void);
extern "C or C++" void f2 (void);
extern "C or C++" void f1 ();
extern "C or C++" void f2 ();
static Thing obj1;
atexit(f1);
......@@ -43,11 +45,20 @@
Note also that <code class="function">atexit()</code> is only required to store 32
functions, and the compiler/library might already be using some of
those slots. If you think you may run out, we recommend using
the <code class="function">xatexit</code>/<code class="function">xexit</code> combination from <code class="literal">libiberty</code>, which has no such limit.
the <code class="function">xatexit</code>/<code class="function">xexit</code> combination
from <code class="literal">libiberty</code>, which has no such limit.
</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="support.termination.verbose"></a>Verbose Terminate Handler</h3></div></div></div><p>
If you are having difficulty with uncaught exceptions and want a
little bit of help debugging the causes of the core dumps, you can
make use of a GNU extension, the verbose terminate handler.
</p><p>
The verbose terminate handler is only available for hosted environments
(see <a class="xref" href="configure.html" title="Configure">Configuring</a>) and will be used
by default unless the library is built with
<code class="option">--disable-libstdcxx-verbose</code>
or with exceptions disabled.
If you need to enable it explicitly you can do so by calling the
<code class="function">std::set_terminate</code> function.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;exception&gt;
......@@ -61,12 +72,13 @@ int main()
</pre><p>
The <code class="function">__verbose_terminate_handler</code> function
obtains the name of the current exception, attempts to demangle
it, and prints it to stderr. If the exception is derived from
<code class="classname">exception</code> then the output from
it, and prints it to <code class="literal">stderr</code>.
If the exception is derived from
<code class="classname">std::exception</code> then the output from
<code class="function">what()</code> will be included.
</p><p>
Any replacement termination function is required to kill the
program without returning; this one calls abort.
program without returning; this one calls <code class="function">std::abort</code>.
</p><p>
For example:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
......@@ -99,13 +111,14 @@ int main(int argc)
Aborted
</code>
</pre><p>
The 'Aborted' line comes from the call to
<code class="function">abort()</code>, of course.
The 'Aborted' line is printed by the shell after the process exits
by calling <code class="function">abort()</code>.
</p><p>
This is the default termination handler; nothing need be done to
As this is the default termination handler, nothing need be done to
use it. To go back to the previous <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">silent death</span>”</span>
method, simply include <code class="filename">exception</code> and
<code class="filename">cstdlib</code>, and call
method, simply include
<code class="filename">&lt;exception&gt;</code> and
<code class="filename">&lt;cstdlib&gt;</code>, and call
</p><pre class="programlisting">
std::set_terminate(std::abort);
</pre><p>
......@@ -113,8 +126,8 @@ int main(int argc)
<code class="function">abort</code> as the terminate handler.
</p><p>
Note: the verbose terminate handler will attempt to write to
stderr. If your application closes stderr or redirects it to an
inappropriate location,
<code class="literal">stderr</code>. If your application closes
<code class="literal">stderr</code> or redirects it to an inappropriate location,
<code class="function">__verbose_terminate_handler</code> will behave in
an unspecified manner.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dynamic_memory.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="support.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Dynamic Memory </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5. 
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/diagnostics.xml
......@@ -21,28 +21,38 @@
<section xml:id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"><info><title>API Reference</title></info>
<para>
All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header
files: <filename>exception</filename>,
<filename>stdexcept</filename>, <filename>new</filename>, and
<filename>typeinfo</filename>.
Most exception classes are defined in one of the standard headers
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;exception&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;stdexcept&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;new&gt;</filename>, and
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;typeinfo&gt;</filename>.
The C++ 2011 revision of the standard added more exception types
in the headers
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;functional&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;future&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;regex&gt;</filename>, and
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;system_error&gt;</filename>.
The C++ 2017 revision of the standard added more exception types
in the headers
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;any&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;filesystem&gt;</filename>,
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;optional&gt;</filename>, and
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;variant&gt;</filename>.
</para>
<para>
The base exception object is <classname>exception</classname>,
located in <filename>exception</filename>. This object has no
<classname>string</classname> member.
All exceptions thrown by the library have a base class of type
<classname>std::exception</classname>,
defined in <filename class="headerfile">&lt;exception&gt;</filename>.
This type has no <classname>std::string</classname> member.
</para>
<para>
Derived from this are several classes that may have a
<classname>string</classname> member: a full hierarchy can be
<classname>std::string</classname> member. A full hierarchy can be
found in the source documentation.
</para>
<para>
Full API details.
</para>
<!-- Doxygen XML: api/group__exceptions.xml -->
</section>
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