Iterator tests were split over repo::iterator and diff::iterator,
with duplication between the two.  Move them to iterator::index,
iterator::tree, and iterator::workdir.

When a directory is removed out from underneath us, stop trying to
manipulate it.

Now that iterators do not return `GIT_ENOTFOUND` when advancing
into an empty directory, we do not need a special `advance_into_or_over`
function.

Prior iterator implementations returned `GIT_ENOTFOUND` when
trying to advance into empty directories.  Ensure that we no longer
do that and simply handle them gracefully.

tree_iterator was only working properly for a pathlist containing
file paths. In case of directory paths, it didn't match children
which contradicts GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH and
is different from index_iterator and fs_iterator.

As a consequence head-to-index status reporting for a specific
directory did not work properly -- all files have been reported
as added.

Include additional tests.

`git_iterator_advance_over` is a gnarly bit of code with no actual
tests.

In the workdir iterator we do some tricky things to step down into
directories to look for things that are in our pathlist.  Make sure
that we don't confuse between folders that we're definitely going to
return everything in and folders that we're only stepping down into
to keep looking for matches.

Ensure that when specifying start/end paths, or pathlists, that we
deal correctly with submodules.

Expand the workdir tests to validate the paths in case sensitive
and insensitive tests.

Ensure that we have hit the end of iteration; previously we tested
that we saw all the values that we expected to see.  We did not
then ensure that we were at the end of the iteration (and that there
were subsequently values in the iteration that we did *not* expect.)

Drop some of the layers of indirection between the workdir and the
filesystem iterators.  This makes the code a little bit easier to
follow, and reduces the number of unnecessary allocations a bit as
well.  (Prior to this, when we filter entries, we would allocate them,
filter them and then free them; now we do the filtering before
allocation.)

Also, rename `git_iterator_advance_over_with_status` to just
`git_iterator_advance_over`.  Mostly because it's a fucking long-ass
function name otherwise.

Do not abort iteration in the middle when encountering an unreadable
directory.  Instead, skip it, as if it didn't exist.

Many code paths in checkout need the final, full on-disk path of the
file they're writing.  (No surprise).  However, they all munge the
`data->path` buffer themselves to get there.  Provide a nice helper
method for them.

Plus, drop the use `git_iterator_current_workdir_path` which does the
same thing but different.  Checkout is the only caller of this silly
function, which lets us remove it.

Refactored the tree iterator to never recurse; simply process the
next entry in order in `advance`.  Additionally, reduce the number of
allocations and sorting as much as possible to provide a ~30% speedup
on case-sensitive iteration.  (The gains for case-insensitive iteration
are less majestic.)

Disambiguate the reset and reset_range functions.  Now reset_range
with a NULL path will clear the start or end; reset will leave the
existing start and end unchanged.

CMakeLists: Show the pointer size for an unsupported architecture

Showing the pointer size gives a hint as to why we think this is an
unsupported architecture.

When the array is empty `cmp` never gets set by the comparison
function. Initialize it so we return ENOTFOUND in those cases.

tree: drop the now-unnecessary entries vector

Add ability to write a filtered blob through a stream

The callback mechanism makes it awkward to write data from an IO
source; move to `_fromstream()` which lets the caller remain in control,
in the same vein as we prefer iterators over foreach callbacks.

By returning when the count goes to zero rather than below it, setting
`howmany` to 7 in fact writes out the string 6 times.

Correct the termination condition to write out the string the amount of
times we specify.

The pair of `git_blob_create_frombuffer()` and
`git_blob_create_frombuffer_commit()` is meant to replace
`git_blob_create_fromchunks()` by providing a way for a user to write a
new blob when they want filtering or they do not know the size.

This approach allows the caller to retain control over when to add data
to this buffer and a more natural fit into higher-level language's own
stream abstractions instead of having to handle IO wait in the callback.

The in-memory buffer size of 2MB is chosen somewhat arbitrarily to be a
round multiple of usual page sizes and a value where most blobs seem
likely to be either going to be way below or way over that size. It's
also a round number of pages.

This implementation re-uses the helper we have from `_fromchunks()` so
we end up writing everything to disk, but hopefully more efficiently
than with a default filebuf. A later optimisation can be to avoid
writing the in-memory contents to disk, with some extra complexity.

Allow setting the buffer size on open in order to use this data
structure more generally as a spill buffer, with larger buffer sizes for
specific use-cases.

Remove the now-unnecessary entries vector.  Add `git_array_search`
to binary search through an array to accomplish this.

Add a sanity check in git_indexer_commit to avoid subtraction overflow.

Fix some errors I found in the changelog for 0.24.0

Reuse a tree's buffer and allocate constant-sized entries in an array

Take advantage of the constant size of tree-owned arrays and store them
in an array instead of a pool. This still lets us free them all at once
but lets the system allocator do the work of fitting them in.

Instead of copying over the data into the individual entries, point to
the originals, which are already in a format we can use.