repo: honor environment variables for more scenarios

When the repository is opened with `GIT_REPOSITORY_OPEN_FROM_ENV`, honor
the `GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL`, `GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM` and `GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`
environment variables.

When the repository is opened with `GIT_REPOSITORY_OPEN_FROM_ENV`, honor
the `GIT_COMMON_DIR` environment variable.

When the repository is opened with `GIT_REPOSITORY_OPEN_FROM_ENV`, honor
the `GIT_WORK_TREE` environment variable.

Remove the `_git_repository_open_ext_from_env` and make it part of the
general repository opening code path. This removes the re-entrancy, and
standardizes things like index and config opening to a single place
again so that we have predictable ordering of the opening procedure.

"Could not find repository from ..." doesn't make sense. "Could not find
repository _at_ ..." does not indicate that we walked down the path
hierarchy, but at least it's more correct.

Shocked that our leak checkers didn't find this earlier.

repo: don't allow repeated extensions

Introduce Schannel and SSPI for Windows

v1.6.3

Add support for SSPI on Windows, which offers NTLM and Negotiate
authentication.

Add functions to use convert a string with length, instead of assuming
NUL termination.

In addition, move the utf8 to 16 conversion routines into the `git_utf8`
namespace instead of using namespaceless `git__` prefixed names.

Name the GSSAPI and ntlmclient authentication providers as such. Today
they're named after the authentication mechanism ("Negotiate", "NTLM")
instead of their implementation.

If we have competing implementations for the same mechanism (eg, a
future Windows SSPI-based provider for Negotiate and NTLM) then this
will get confusing.

Provide a stream interface for Schannel - the native crypto APIs - on
Windows. This allows Windows to use the same HTTP transport that all the
other platforms use, with its own native crypto.

Ultimately this allows us to deprecate WinHTTP and we need not add
support for our socket changes in two places (our HTTP stack and the
WinHTTP stack).

pack: use 64 bits for the number of objects

It is a bit too hidden why we want 64 bits when we're assigning to a 32-bit
integer later on to store the number of objects, so go back to uint32_t and cast
to uint64_t during the size calculation.

Keeping it as a 32-bit value means the min size calculation overflows or gets
truncated which can lead to issues with large packfiles.

cmake: don't include `include/git2`

Including the `include/git2` build path is a seemingly unnecessary
oversight to include the generated `experimental.h` file.

These declaration poses problems on some embedded or retro Linux systems
that deliberately disable support for wchar_t from their libc.

When the contents of an entire new directory is ignored, and `FORCE` is
specified to `git_index_add_all`, ensure that we expand the entire file
list. By default, diff will coalesce a fully ignored folder into a
single diff entry; expand it.

Ensure that when all files beneath a directory are ignored that we
add the files when FORCE is specified.

Ensure that when all files beneath a directory are ignored that we
actually ignore the files.

odb: restore `git_odb_open`

fs_path: let root run the ownership tests

Remove unused wditer variable

`git_odb_open` was erroneously removed during a refactoring; add it
back.

Found this randomly while debugging #6517

Revert #6503

The library name is correctly libgit2 (not git2) or libgit2-experimental
depending on configuration.

`git_odb_backend_loose` was erroneously removed during a refactoring;
add it back.