This will allow us to index a packfile as soon as we receive it from
the network as well as storing it with its final name so we don't need
to pass temporary file names around.

The new indexer needs to be able to bypass any kind of buffering, as
it's trying to map data that it has just written to disk.

The cleanup needs to happen anyway, so set the error code and jump
there instead of copying the code.

Plug a few leaks

This is Git yo. You can fetch stuff from the history if you need it.

Basic branch management API

Fix compilation warning

Allow references to bear non-7bit-ascii names on Windows

Rewrite status using diff

There was a bug in git_buf_join_n when the contents of the
original buffer were joined into itself and the realloc
moved the pointer to the original buffer.

This adds support for a bunch of core.* settings that affect
diff and status, plus fixes up some incorrect implementations
of those settings from before.  Also, this cleans up the
handling of config settings in the new submodules code and
in the old attrs/ignore code.

When processing status for a newly checked out repo, it is
possible that there will be submodules that have not yet been
initialized.  The only way to distinguish these from untracked
directories is to have some knowledge of submodules.  This
commit adds a new submodule API which, given a name or path,
can determine if it appears to be a submodule and can give
information about the submodule.