http: avoid generating double slashes in url

Correct typo in name of referenced parameter

Signed-off-by: Remy Suen <remy.suen@gmail.com>

Prior to this change, given a remote url with a trailing slash,
such as http://localhost/a/, service requests would contain a
double slash: http://localhost/a//info/refs?service=git-receive-pack.
Detect and prevent that.

Updates #5321

patch_parse: fix undefined behaviour due to arithmetic on NULL pointers

smart_pkt: fix overflow resulting in OOB read/write of one byte

branch: clarify documentation around branches

Doing arithmetic with NULL pointers is undefined behaviour in the C
standard. We do so regardless when parsing patches, as we happily add a
potential prefix length to prefixed paths. While this works out just
fine as the prefix length is always equal to zero in these cases, thus
resulting in another NULL pointer, it still is undefined behaviour and
was pointed out to us by OSSfuzz.

Fix the issue by checking whether paths are NULL, avoiding the
arithmetic if they are.

When parsing OK packets, we copy any information after the initial "ok "
prefix into the resulting packet. As newlines act as packet boundaries,
we also strip the trailing newline if there is any. We do not check
whether there is any data left after the initial "ok " prefix though,
which leads to a pointer overflow in that case as `len == 0`:

	if (line[len - 1] == '\n')
		--len;

This out-of-bounds read is a rather useless gadget, as we can only
deduce whether at some offset there is a newline character. In case
there accidentally is one, we overflow `len` to `SIZE_MAX` and then
write a NUL byte into an array indexed by it:

	pkt->ref[len] = '\0';

Again, this doesn't seem like something that's possible to be exploited
in any meaningful way, but it may surely lead to inconsistencies or DoS.

Fix the issue by checking whether there is any trailing data after the
packet prefix.

As git_reference__name will reallocate storage to account for longer
names (it's actually allocator-dependent), it will cause all existing
pointers to the old object to become dangling, as they now point to
freed memory.

Fix the issue by renaming to a more descriptive name, and pass a pointer
to the actual reference that can safely be invalidated if the realloc
succeeds.

examples: checkout: implement guess heuristic for remote branches

Minor doc improvements

attr: Update definition of binary macro

Security fixes for master

Windows/DOS only supports drive letters that are alpha characters A-Z.
However, you can `subst` any one-character as a drive letter, including
numbers or even emoji.  Test that we can identify emoji as drive
letters.

Users may want to turn off core.protectNTFS, perhaps to import (and then
repair) a broken tree.  Ensure that core.protectNTFS=false is honored.

Enable core.protectNTFS by default everywhere and in every codepath, not
just on checkout.

Test that when we enable core.protectNTFS that we cannot add
platform-specific invalid paths to the index.

The name of the `add_invalid_filename` function suggests that we
_want_ to add an invalid filename.  Rename the function to show that
we expect to _fail_ to add the invalid filename.

Ensure that the new protection around .git::$INDEX_ALLOCATION rules are
enabled for using the treebuilder when core.protectNTFS is set.

Ensure that the new protection around .git::$INDEX_ALLOCATION rules are
enabled for adding to the index when core.protectNTFS is set.

The name of the `write_invalid_filename` function suggests that we
_want_ to write an invalid filename.  Rename the function to show that
we expect to _fail_ to write the invalid filename.

The function `only_spaces_and_dots` used to detect the end of the
filename on win32.  Now we look at spaces and dots _before_ the end of
the string _or_ a `:` character, which would signify a win32 alternate
data stream.

Thus, rename the function `ntfs_end_of_filename` to indicate that it
detects the (virtual) end of a filename, that any further characters
would be elided to the given path.

We just safe-guarded `.git` against NTFS Alternate Data Stream-related
attack vectors, and now it is time to do the same for `.gitmodules`.

Note: In the added regression test, we refrain from verifying all kinds
of variations between short names and NTFS Alternate Data Streams: as
the new code disallows _all_ Alternate Data Streams of `.gitmodules`, it
is enough to test one in order to know that all of them are guarded
against.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

A little-known feature of NTFS is that it offers to store metadata in
so-called "Alternate Data Streams" (inspired by Apple's "resource
forks") that are copied together with the file they are associated with.
These Alternate Data Streams can be accessed via `<file name>:<stream
name>:<stream type>`.

Directories, too, have Alternate Data Streams, and they even have a
default stream type `$INDEX_ALLOCATION`. Which means that `abc/` and
`abc::$INDEX_ALLOCATION/` are actually equivalent.

This is of course another attack vector on the Git directory that we
definitely want to prevent.

On Windows, we already do this incidentally, by disallowing colons in
file/directory names.

While it looks as if files'/directories' Alternate Data Streams are not
accessible in the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and neither via
CIFS/SMB-mounted network shares in Linux, it _is_ possible to access
them on SMB-mounted network shares on macOS.

Therefore, let's go the extra mile and prevent this particular attack
_everywhere_. To keep things simple, let's just disallow *any* Alternate
Data Stream of `.git`.

This is libgit2's variant of CVE-2019-1352.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is getting increasingly popular,
in particular because it makes it _so_ easy to run Linux software on
Windows' files, via the auto-mounted Windows drives (`C:\` is mapped to
`/mnt/c/`, no need to set that up manually).

Unfortunately, files/directories on the Windows drives can be accessed
via their _short names_, if that feature is enabled (which it is on the
`C:` drive by default).

Which means that we have to safeguard even our Linux users against the
short name attacks.

Further, while the default options of CIFS/SMB-mounts seem to disallow
accessing files on network shares via their short names on Linux/macOS,
it _is_ possible to do so with the right options.

So let's just safe-guard against short name attacks _everywhere_.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

When we expect a checkout operation to fail, but it succeeds, we
actually do not want to see the error messages that were generated in
the meantime for errors that were handled gracefully by the code (e.g.
when an object could not be found in a pack: in this case, the next
backend would have been given a chance to look up the object, and
probably would have found it because the checkout succeeded, after all).

Which means that in the specific case of `cl_git_fail()`, we actually
want to clear the global error state _after_ evaluating the command: we
know that any still-available error would be bogus, seeing as the
command succeeded (unexpectedly).

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

There is no git_stash_apply_flags_t above.

I encountered some problematic URLs,
and was delighted to see that they were already fixed.
I figured I may as well add them to the changelog.

For the record, URLs with no path used to be rejected.
That is arguably correct, but command line git accepts them.

URLs with a path of / and a non-standard port
used to have their port completely ignored!

release.md: note that we do two security releases

Note that for security releases, we update the two most recent major release branches.

MSVC: Fix warning C4133 on x64: "function": Incompatible types - from "unsigned long *" to "size_t *"

MSVC: Fix warning C4133 on x64: "function": Incompatible types - from "unsigned long *" to "size_t *"

Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>

ci: only push docs from the libgit2/libgit2 repo

Users may fork libgit2 and run libgit2's CI on that, which is
delightful!  However, if they do, we'll fail the documentation publish
phase, which is correct (because we don't allow them to publish _their_
version of the docs) but regrettable (since it should not fail).

Only run the documentation publish phase when we merge branches into the
libgit2/libgit2 repo.

global: convert to fiber-local storage to fix exit races