submodule: refactor to be more explicit in the search

diff: examine pathlist on non-files

When we're not doing pathspec matching, we let the iterator handle
file matching for us.  However, we can only trust the iterator to
return *files* that match the pattern, because the iterator must
return directories that are not strictly in the pathlist, but that
are the parents of files that match the pattern, so that diff can
later recurse into them.

Thus, diff must examine non-files explicitly before including them
in the delta list.

Ensure that a diff with the workdir is not erroneously returning
directories.

Mempack fix

It calls git_mempack_reset which reallocates the object array. git_oidmap_free is now called on it explicitly.

git_mempack_reset was leaving free'd pointers in the oidmap.

When searching for information about a submdoule, let's be more explicit
in what we expect to find. We currently insert a submodule into the map
and change certain parameters when the config callback gets called.

Switch to asking for the configuration we're interested in, rather than
taking it in an arbitrary order.

report libssh2 error if list of authentication methods can't be retrieved

filebuf: ensure we can lock a hidden file

Revert "Get rid of libssh2 embedding"

index: canonicalize directory case when adding

New feature: add the ablility to iterate through a directory in index

On case insensitive platforms, allow `git_index_add` to provide a new
path for an existing index entry.  Previously, we would maintain the
case in an index entry without the ability to change it (except by
removing an entry and re-adding it.)

Higher-level functions (like `git_index_add_bypath` and
`git_index_add_frombuffers`) continue to keep the old path for easier
usage.

On case insensitive systems, when given a user-provided path in the
higher-level index addition functions (eg `git_index_add_bypath` /
`git_index_add_frombuffer`), examine the index to try to match the
given path to an existing directory.

Various mechanisms can cause the on-disk representation of a folder
to not match the representation in HEAD or the index - for example,
a case changing rename of some file `a/file.txt` to `A/file.txt`
will update the paths in the index, but not rename the folder on
disk.

If a user subsequently adds `a/other.txt`, then this should be stored
in the index as `A/other.txt`.

filebuf: follow symlinks when creating a lock file

Use a hashmap for path-based lookups in the index

We create a lockfile to update files under GIT_DIR. Sometimes these
files are actually located elsewhere and a symlink takes their place. In
that case we should lock and update the file at its final location
rather than overwrite the symlink.

Find the first index entry matching a prefix.

This should let us see more clearly what we're doing and avoid the ugly
'if' we need every time we want to interact with the map.

The embedding was removed as a libssh2 release with Windows crypto
support became available, but dependencies are still annoying so this
ahs been requested again.

This reverts commit 20dcb731.

Provide path matching in the iterators (for faster diffs)

Some nicer refactoring for index iteration walks.

The index iterator doesn't binary search through the pathlist space,
since it lacks directory entries, and would have to binary search
each index entry and all its parents (eg, when presented with an index
entry of `foo/bar/file.c`, you would have to look in the pathlist for
`foo/bar/file.c`, `foo/bar` and `foo`).  Since the index entries and the
pathlist are both nicely sorted, we walk the index entries in lockstep
with the pathlist like we do for other iteration/diff/merge walks.

Now that non-pathspec matching diffs are implemented at the iterator
level, drop `FILELIST_MATCH`ing.

When using literal pathspecs in diff with `GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH`
turn on the faster iterator pathlist handling.

Updates iterator pathspecs to include directory prefixes (eg, `foo/`)
for compatibility with `GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH`.

Escape @ in doc comment

Document that `GIT_DIFF_PATHSPEC_DISABLE` is not necessarily about
explicit path matching, but also includes matching of directory
names.  Enforce this in a test.

win32: ensure hidden files can be staged