[TOP] Add dense, batchnorm (#22)

* [TOP] Add dense, batchnorm

* update tvm

nnvm/include/nnvm/compiler/op_attr_types.h

@@ -44,11 +44,14 @@ using TOpPattern = int;
  * \brief Computation description interface
  * \param attrs The attribute of the node.
  * \param inputs The input tensors(placeholders)
+ * \param out_info Tensors holding shape/type information about output,
+ &                 these are always placeholders.
  * \return The output description of the tensor.
  */
 using FTVMCompute = std::function<
-  Array<Tensor>
-  (const NodeAttrs& attrs, const Array<Tensor>& inputs)>;
+  Array<Tensor>(const NodeAttrs& attrs,
+                const Array<Tensor>& inputs,
+                const Array<Tensor>& out_info)>;
 
 /*!
  * \brief Build the computation schedule for

nnvm/python/nnvm/compiler/build_module.py

@@ -115,9 +115,12 @@ def optimize(graph, shape, dtype="float32"):
     """
     # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     cfg = BuildConfig.current
+    graph = graph_attr.set_shape_inputs(graph, shape)
+    graph = graph.apply("InferShape")
+    if graph.json_attr("shape_num_unknown_nodes"):
+        raise ValueError("InferShape fails..")
     if cfg.opt_level >= OPT_PASS_LEVEL["SimplifyBatchNormInference"]:
-        graph = graph_attr.set_shape_inputs(graph, shape)
-        graph = graph.apply(["InferShape", "SimplifyBatchNormInference"])
+        graph = graph.apply("SimplifyBatchNormInference")
     return graph
 
 
@@ -164,6 +167,12 @@ def build(graph, target, shape, dtype="float32", params=None):
     cfg = BuildConfig.current
     graph = graph if isinstance(graph, _graph.Graph) else _graph.create(graph)
     shape, dtype = _update_shape_dtype(shape, dtype, params)
+    # Initial pass do shape type inference
+    ishape, _ = graph_util.infer_shape(graph, **shape)
+    shape.update(zip(graph.index.input_names, ishape))
+    if not isinstance(dtype, str):
+        idtype, _ = graph_util.infer_dtype(graph, **dtype)
+        dtype.update(zip(graph.index.input_names, idtype))
     # Apply optimization
     graph = optimize(graph, shape, dtype)
     # Precompute prune

nnvm/python/nnvm/compiler/registry.py

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import tvm
 class OpPattern(object):
     ELEM_WISE = 0
     BROADCAST = 1
+    # Complex means we can fuse elemwise to it
     COMPLEX = 2
-    EXTERN = 2
+    # Extern means the op is not fusable
+    EXTERN = 3
 
 _register_compute = tvm.get_global_func("nnvm._register_compute")
 _register_schedule = tvm.get_global_func("nnvm._register_schedule")

nnvm/python/nnvm/top/__init__.py

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 from .attr_dict import AttrDict
 from . import tensor
 from . import nn
+from . import transform

nnvm/python/nnvm/top/nn.py

+# pylint: disable=invalid-name, unused-argument
 """Definition of nn ops"""
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import tvm
 import topi
 from topi.util import get_const_int
-from .tensor import schedule_elemwise
+from .tensor import _fschedule_broadcast
 from ..compiler import registry as reg
 from ..compiler import OpPattern
 
 # relu
 @reg.register_compute("relu")
-def compute_relu(_, inputs):
+def compute_relu(attrs, inputs, _):
     """Compute definition of relu"""
     return topi.nn.relu(inputs[0])
 
-@reg.register_schedule("relu")
-def schedule_relu(_, outs, target):
-    """Schedule definition of relu"""
-    return schedule_elemwise(_, outs, target)
-
+reg.register_schedule("relu", _fschedule_broadcast)
 reg.register_pattern("relu", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 
 
+# flatten
+@reg.register_compute("flatten")
+def compute_flatten(attrs, inputs, _):
+    """Compute definition of flatten"""
+    return topi.nn.flatten(inputs[0])
+
+reg.register_schedule("flatten", _fschedule_broadcast)
+reg.register_pattern("flatten", OpPattern.COMPLEX)
+
+
 # softmax
 @reg.register_compute("softmax")
-def compute_softmax(attrs, inputs):
+def compute_softmax(attrs, inputs, _):
     """Compute definition of softmax"""
     axis = attrs.get_int("axis")
     assert axis == -1, "only support axis == -1 for now"
@@ -38,12 +45,34 @@ def schedule_softmax(_, outs, target):
     # naive schedule
     return tvm.create_schedule([x.op for x in outs])
 
-reg.register_pattern("softmax", OpPattern.COMPLEX)
+# Mark softmax as extern as we do not fuse it in call cases
+reg.register_pattern("softmax", OpPattern.EXTERN)
+
+
+# dense
+@reg.register_compute("dense")
+def compute_dense(attrs, inputs, _):
+    """Compute definition of dense"""
+    if attrs.get_bool("use_bias"):
+        return topi.nn.fully_connected_with_bias(
+            inputs[0], inputs[1], inputs[2])
+    return topi.nn.fully_connected(inputs[0], inputs[1])
+
+@reg.register_schedule("dense")
+def schedule_dense(_, outs, target):
+    """Schedule definition of dense"""
+    if target == "cuda":
+        raise ValueError("fully_connected not yet implemented")
+    # naive schedule
+    return tvm.create_schedule([x.op for x in outs])
+
+# register extern for now, change me when fusion is enabled.
+reg.register_pattern("dense", OpPattern.EXTERN)
 
 
 # conv
 @reg.register_compute("conv2d")
-def compute_conv2d(attrs, inputs):
+def compute_conv2d(attrs, inputs, _):
     """Compute definition of conv2d"""
     padding = attrs.get_int_tuple("padding")
     strides = attrs.get_int_tuple("strides")

nnvm/python/nnvm/top/tensor.py

-# pylint: disable=invalid-name
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name, unused-argument
 """Tensor ops"""
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
@@ -8,15 +8,6 @@ import topi.cuda
 from ..compiler import registry as reg
 from ..compiler import OpPattern
 
-def schedule_elemwise(_, outs, target):
-    """Generic schedule for elemwise operation"""
-    if target == "cuda":
-        return topi.cuda.schedule_elemwise(outs)
-    assert target.startswith("llvm")
-    s = tvm.create_schedule([x.op for x in outs])
-    tvm.schedule.AutoInlineInjective(s)
-    return s
-
 def _schedule_broadcast(_, outs, target):
     """Generic schedule for binary bcast"""
     if target == "cuda":
@@ -29,7 +20,7 @@ def _schedule_broadcast(_, outs, target):
 def _compute_binary_scalar(f):
     """auxiliary function"""
     @tvm.tag_scope("ewise")
-    def _compute(attrs, x):
+    def _compute(attrs, x, _):
         x = x[0]
         scalar = attrs.get_float("scalar")
         scalar = tvm.const(scalar, x.dtype)
@@ -37,58 +28,132 @@ def _compute_binary_scalar(f):
     return _compute
 
 
+def _compute_unary(f):
+    """auxiliary function"""
+    def _compute(attrs, x, _):
+        return f(x[0])
+    return _compute
+
+
+def _compute_binary(f):
+    """auxiliary function"""
+    def _compute(attrs, x, _):
+        return f(x[0], x[1])
+    return _compute
+
+
 _fschedule_broadcast = tvm.convert(_schedule_broadcast)
 
 # exp
-reg.register_compute("exp",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.exp(x[0]))
+reg.register_compute("exp", _compute_unary(topi.exp))
 reg.register_pattern("exp", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 reg.register_schedule("exp", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
+# sqrt
+reg.register_compute("sqrt", _compute_unary(topi.sqrt))
+reg.register_pattern("sqrt", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("sqrt", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
 # log
-reg.register_compute("log",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.log(x[0]))
+reg.register_compute("log", _compute_unary(topi.log))
 reg.register_pattern("log", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 reg.register_schedule("log", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
 # tanh
-reg.register_compute("tanh",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.tanh(x[0]))
+reg.register_compute("tanh", _compute_unary(topi.tanh))
 reg.register_pattern("tanh", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 reg.register_schedule("tanh", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
+# negative
+reg.register_compute("negative", _compute_unary(topi.negative))
+reg.register_pattern("negative", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("negative", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
 # sigmoid
-reg.register_compute("sigmoid",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.sigmoid(x[0]))
+reg.register_compute("sigmoid", _compute_unary(topi.sigmoid))
 reg.register_pattern("sigmoid", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 reg.register_schedule("sigmoid", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
-# add scalar
+# add_scalar
 reg.register_compute("__add_scalar__",
                      _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: x + y))
 reg.register_pattern("__add_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
 reg.register_schedule("__add_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
+# sub_calar
+reg.register_compute("__sub_scalar__",
+                     _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: x - y))
+reg.register_pattern("__sub_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("__sub_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# rsub_scalar
+reg.register_compute("__rsub_scalar__",
+                     _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: y - x))
+reg.register_pattern("__rsub_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("__rsub_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# mul_scalar
+reg.register_compute("__mul_scalar__",
+                     _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: x * y))
+reg.register_pattern("__mul_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("__mul_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# div_scalar
+reg.register_compute("__div_scalar__",
+                     _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: x / y))
+reg.register_pattern("__div_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("__div_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# rdiv_scalar
+reg.register_compute("__rdiv_scalar__",
+                     _compute_binary_scalar(lambda x, y: y / x))
+reg.register_pattern("__rdiv_scalar__", OpPattern.ELEM_WISE)
+reg.register_schedule("__rdiv_scalar__", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# elemwise_add
+reg.register_compute("elemwise_add", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_add))
+reg.register_pattern("elemwise_add", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
+reg.register_schedule("elemwise_add", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# elemwise_sub
+reg.register_compute("elemwise_sub", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_sub))
+reg.register_pattern("elemwise_sub", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
+reg.register_schedule("elemwise_sub", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# elemwise_mul
+reg.register_compute("elemwise_mul", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_mul))
+reg.register_pattern("elemwise_mul", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
+reg.register_schedule("elemwise_mul", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# elemwise_div
+reg.register_compute("elemwise_div", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_div))
+reg.register_pattern("elemwise_div", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
+reg.register_schedule("elemwise_div", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
 # broadcast_add
-reg.register_compute("broadcast_add",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.broadcast_add(x[0], x[1]))
+reg.register_compute("broadcast_add", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_add))
 reg.register_pattern("broadcast_add", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
 reg.register_schedule("broadcast_add", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
 # broadcast_sub
-reg.register_compute("broadcast_sub",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.broadcast_sub(x[0], x[1]))
+reg.register_compute("broadcast_sub", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_sub))
 reg.register_pattern("broadcast_sub", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
 reg.register_schedule("broadcast_sub", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
 # broadcast_mul
-reg.register_compute("broadcast_mul",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.broadcast_mul(x[0], x[1]))
+reg.register_compute("broadcast_mul", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_mul))
 reg.register_pattern("broadcast_mul", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
 reg.register_schedule("broadcast_mul", _fschedule_broadcast)
 
 # broadcast_div
-reg.register_compute("broadcast_div",
-                     lambda _, x: topi.broadcast_div(x[0], x[1]))
+reg.register_compute("broadcast_div", _compute_binary(topi.broadcast_div))
 reg.register_pattern("broadcast_div", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
 reg.register_schedule("broadcast_div", _fschedule_broadcast)
+
+# broadcast_to
+@reg.register_compute("broadcast_to")
+def compute_softmax(attrs, inputs, out_info):
+    """Compute definition of softmax"""
+    return topi.broadcast_to(inputs[0], shape=out_info[0].shape)
+reg.register_pattern("broadcast_to", OpPattern.BROADCAST)
+reg.register_schedule("broadcast_to", _fschedule_broadcast)

nnvm/python/nnvm/top/transform.py

+# pylint: disable=invalid-name, unused-argument
+"""Tensor transformation ops"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import tvm
+from .tensor import _fschedule_broadcast
+from ..compiler import registry as reg
+from ..compiler import OpPattern
+
+# Need add reshape, transpose
+
+def _flatten_index(indices, shape):
+    """flatten the index to 1D"""
+    idx = 0
+    for i, value in enumerate(shape):
+        if i != 0:
+            idx *= value
+        idx = idx + indices[i]
+    return idx
+
+# reshape
+@reg.register_compute("reshape")
+def compute_reshape(attrs, inputs, out_info):
+    """Compute definition of softmax"""
+    # TODO(sxj) add support for general reshape
+    assert len(inputs[0].shape) == 1, "Only support 1d input for now"
+    oshape = out_info[0].shape
+    x = inputs[0]
+    return tvm.compute(oshape, lambda *i: x(_flatten_index(i, oshape)))
+reg.register_pattern("reshape", OpPattern.COMPLEX)
+reg.register_schedule("reshape", _fschedule_broadcast)

nnvm/src/compiler/graph_fuse.cc

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ nnvm::Graph GraphFuse(nnvm::Graph g) {
     if (inode.source->is_variable()) continue;
     int root_id = group_vec[nid];
     FuseEntry& fe = fuse_vec[root_id];
-    Array<Tensor> inputs;
+    Array<Tensor> inputs, out_info;
     // input loading
     for (const auto& e : inode.inputs) {
       if (group_vec[e.node_id] != root_id) {
@@ -274,11 +274,21 @@ nnvm::Graph GraphFuse(nnvm::Graph g) {
         inputs.push_back(t);
       }
     }
+    // output hint
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inode.source->num_outputs(); ++i) {
+      Array<Expr> shape;
+      for (int64_t x : shape_vec[idx.entry_id(nid, i)]) {
+        CHECK_LE(x, static_cast<int64_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()));
+        shape.push_back(make_const(Int(32), x));
+      }
+      out_info.push_back(
+          placeholder(shape,
+                      TVMType2Type(dltype_vec[idx.entry_id(nid, i)])));
+    }
     // get default
     Array<Tensor> out = fcompute[inode.source->op()](
-        inode.source->attrs, inputs);
+        inode.source->attrs, inputs, out_info);
     CHECK_EQ(out.size(), inode.source->num_outputs());
-
     // schedule on root node, and use master's schedule
     if (nid != root_id) {
       for (uint32_t index = 0; index < inode.source->num_outputs(); ++index) {
@@ -312,6 +322,7 @@ nnvm::Graph GraphFuse(nnvm::Graph g) {
       }
     }
   }
+
   tvm::runtime::Module module = fbuild(funcs, target);
   // Final step: Remap the node, with given attribute
   const nnvm::Op* tvm_op = nnvm::Op::Get("tvm_op");

nnvm/src/compiler/packed_func_ext.cc

@@ -67,9 +67,11 @@ TVM_REGISTER_GLOBAL("nnvm._register_compute")
     // Intentionally copy and not de-allocate it, to avoid free pyobject during shutdown
     PackedFunc* f = new PackedFunc(args[1].operator PackedFunc());
     Op& op = ::dmlc::Registry<nnvm::Op>::Get()->__REGISTER_OR_GET__(args[0]);
-    auto fcompute = [f](const NodeAttrs& attrs, const Array<Tensor>& inputs)
+    auto fcompute = [f](const NodeAttrs& attrs,
+                        const Array<Tensor>& inputs,
+                        const Array<Tensor>& out_info)
         -> Array<Tensor> {
-      TVMRetValue ret = (*f)(GetAttrDict(attrs), inputs);
+      TVMRetValue ret = (*f)(GetAttrDict(attrs), inputs, out_info);
       if ((*ret.ptr<std::shared_ptr<tvm::Node> >())->derived_from<tvm::TensorNode>()) {
         return {ret.operator Tensor()};
       } else {

nnvm/src/compiler/simplify_batch_norm.cc

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ BatchNormToInferUnpack(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                        nnvm::NodeEntry beta,
                        nnvm::NodeEntry moving_mean,
                        nnvm::NodeEntry moving_var,
-                       int data_dim) {
+                       TShape dshape) {
   CHECK(attrs.op);
   static const  Op* bn_op = Op::Get("batch_norm");
   CHECK(attrs.op == bn_op);
@@ -57,19 +57,12 @@ BatchNormToInferUnpack(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
     shift = MakeNode(
         "elemwise_add", bn_name + "_add_beta", {shift, beta});
   }
-  // reshape to nhwc
+  // use broaodcast to reshape
   std::ostringstream oshape;
-  oshape << "(";
-  for (int i = 0; i < data_dim; ++i) {
-    if (i != 0) oshape << ", ";
-    if (i == param.axis) {
-      oshape << "-1";
-    } else {
-      oshape << "1";
-    }
+  for (dim_t i = 0; i < dshape.ndim(); ++i) {
+    dshape[i] = (i != param.axis) ? 1 : -1;
   }
-  oshape << ")";
-
+  oshape << dshape;
   scale = MakeNode("reshape", bn_name + "_sc_reshape",
                    {scale}, {{"shape", oshape.str()}});
   shift = MakeNode("reshape", bn_name + "_sh_reshape",
@@ -98,7 +91,7 @@ Graph SimplifyBatchNormInference(nnvm::Graph src) {
           n->inputs[2],
           n->inputs[3],
           n->inputs[4],
-          shape_vec[idx.entry_id(nid, 0)].ndim());
+          shape_vec[idx.entry_id(nid, 0)]);
       return true;
     } else {
       return false;

nnvm/src/pass/print_graph_ir.cc

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ void PrintGraphIR_(Graph src,
     AttrPrinter fp = GetVectorPrinter(src, key);
     auto fprint = [&idx, key, fp](
         uint32_t nid, std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
-      os << key << "=";
+      os << ", " << key << "=";
       fp(idx.entry_id(nid, 0), os);
     };
     trigger.push_back(fprint);

nnvm/tests/python/compiler/test_simplify_batchnorm.py

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ from nnvm.compiler import graph_util, graph_attr
 
 def test_simplify_batchnorm():
     def simple_bn(x, gamma, beta, moving_mean, moving_var,
-                  axis=1, epsilon=1e-5, dim=2):
+                  axis=1, epsilon=1e-5, shape=None):
         # expect = (x - moving_mean) / sym.sqrt(moving_var + eps) * gamma + beta
         scale = sym.elemwise_mul(1 / sym.sqrt(moving_var + epsilon), gamma)
         shift = sym.elemwise_add(
             sym.elemwise_mul(sym.negative(moving_mean), scale), beta)
+        shape = [-1 if i == axis else 1 for i in range(len(shape))]
         # for 2D
-        shape = tuple(1 if i != axis else -1 for i in range(dim))
         scale = sym.reshape(scale, shape=shape)
         shift = sym.reshape(shift, shape=shape)
         return x * scale + shift
@@ -26,15 +26,14 @@ def test_simplify_batchnorm():
         moving_var = sym.Variable("moving_var")
         moving_mean = sym.Variable("moving_mean")
         y1, y2 = x, x
-
+        ishape = {"x": tuple(10 for i in range(dim))}
         for i in range(nstep):
             y1 = sym.batch_norm(
                 y1 + 1, gamma, beta, moving_mean, moving_var, epsilon=eps, axis=axis)
             y2 = simple_bn(y2 + 1, gamma, beta, moving_mean, moving_var,
-                           epsilon=eps, axis=axis, dim=dim)
+                           epsilon=eps, axis=axis, shape=ishape["x"])
         g = nnvm.graph.create(y1)
         g2 = nnvm.graph.create(y2)
-        ishape = {"x": tuple(10 for i in range(dim))}
         graph_attr.set_shape_inputs(g, ishape)
         g1 = g.apply("InferShape").apply("SimplifyBatchNormInference")
         # Some prints for debug

nnvm/tests/python/compiler/test_top_level2.py

@@ -6,19 +6,9 @@ import nnvm.symbol as sym
 import nnvm.compiler
 import nnvm.runtime
 
-USE_GPU=True
-
-def default_target():
-    if USE_GPU:
-        return 'cuda'
-    else:
-        return 'llvm'
-
-def default_ctx():
-    if USE_GPU:
-        return tvm.gpu(0)
-    else:
-        return tvm.cpu(0)
+def ctx_list():
+    res = [("llvm", tvm.cpu(0)), ("cuda", tvm.gpu(0))]
+    return [x for x in res if x[1].exist]
 
 def test_conv2d():
     x = sym.Variable("x")
@@ -29,23 +19,24 @@ def test_conv2d():
     kshape = (10, 3, 3, 3)
     oshape = (1, 10, 18, 18)
     shape_dict = {"x": dshape}
-    graph, lib, _ = nnvm.compiler.build(y, default_target(), shape_dict)
-    m = nnvm.runtime.create(graph, lib, default_ctx())
-    # get member functions
-    set_input, run, get_output = m["set_input"], m["run"], m["get_output"]
-    # set input
-    data = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=dshape).astype(dtype))
-    kernel = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=kshape).astype(dtype))
-    set_input("x", data)
-    set_input("y_weight", kernel)
-    # execute
-    run()
-    # get output
-    out = tvm.nd.empty(oshape, dtype)
-    get_output(0, out)
-    c_np = topi.testing.conv2d_nchw_python(
-        data.asnumpy(), kernel.asnumpy(), 1, 1)
-    np.testing.assert_allclose(out.asnumpy(), c_np, rtol=1e-5)
+    for target, ctx in ctx_list():
+        graph, lib, _ = nnvm.compiler.build(y, target, shape_dict)
+        m = nnvm.runtime.create(graph, lib, ctx)
+        # get member functions
+        set_input, run, get_output = m["set_input"], m["run"], m["get_output"]
+        # set input
+        data = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=dshape).astype(dtype))
+        kernel = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=kshape).astype(dtype))
+        set_input("x", data)
+        set_input("y_weight", kernel)
+        # execute
+        run()
+        # get output
+        out = tvm.nd.empty(oshape, dtype)
+        get_output(0, out)
+        c_np = topi.testing.conv2d_nchw_python(
+            data.asnumpy(), kernel.asnumpy(), 1, 1)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(out.asnumpy(), c_np, rtol=1e-5)
 
 
 def test_grouped_conv2d():
@@ -57,23 +48,24 @@ def test_grouped_conv2d():
     kshape = (32, 1, 3, 3)
     oshape = (1, 32, 18, 18)
     shape_dict = {"x": dshape}
-    graph, lib, _ = nnvm.compiler.build(y, default_target(), shape_dict)
-    m = nnvm.runtime.create(graph, lib, default_ctx())
-    # get member functions
-    set_input, run, get_output = m["set_input"], m["run"], m["get_output"]
-    # set input
-    data = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=dshape).astype(dtype))
-    kernel = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=kshape).astype(dtype))
-    set_input("x", data)
-    set_input("y_weight", kernel)
-    # execute
-    run()
-    # get output
-    out = tvm.nd.empty(oshape, dtype)
-    get_output(0, out)
-    c_np = topi.testing.depthwise_conv2d_python_nchw(
-        data.asnumpy(), kernel.asnumpy(), (1,1), 'SAME')
-    np.testing.assert_allclose(out.asnumpy(), c_np, rtol=1e-5)
+    for target, ctx in ctx_list():
+        graph, lib, _ = nnvm.compiler.build(y, target, shape_dict)
+        m = nnvm.runtime.create(graph, lib, ctx)
+        # get member functions
+        set_input, run, get_output = m["set_input"], m["run"], m["get_output"]
+        # set input
+        data = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=dshape).astype(dtype))
+        kernel = tvm.nd.array(np.random.uniform(size=kshape).astype(dtype))
+        set_input("x", data)
+        set_input("y_weight", kernel)
+        # execute
+        run()
+        # get output
+        out = tvm.nd.empty(oshape, dtype)
+        get_output(0, out)
+        c_np = topi.testing.depthwise_conv2d_python_nchw(
+            data.asnumpy(), kernel.asnumpy(), (1,1), 'SAME')
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(out.asnumpy(), c_np, rtol=1e-5)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":