It turns out that Linux never reads or writes more than 2147479552
bytes in a single syscall. For writes this is not a problem as
libgfortran already contains a loop around write() to handle short
writes. But for reads we cannot do this, since then read will hang if
we have a short read when reading from the terminal.  Also, there are
reports that macOS fails I/O's larger than 2 GB.  Thus, to work around
these issues do large reads/writes in chunks.

The testcase from the PR

program largewr
  integer(kind=1) :: a(2_8**31+1)
  a = 0
  a(size(a, kind=8)) = 1
  open(10, file="largewr.dat", access="stream", form="unformatted")
  write (10) a
  close(10)
  a(size(a, kind=8)) = 2
  open(10, file="largewr.dat", access="stream", form="unformatted")
  read (10) a
  if (a(size(a, kind=8)) == 1) then
    print *, "All is well"
  else
    print *, "Oh no"
  end if
end program largewr

fails on trunk but works with the patch.

Regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, committed to trunk.

libgfortran/ChangeLog:

2018-01-02  Janne Blomqvist  <jb@gcc.gnu.org>

	PR libgfortran/83649
	* io/unix.c (MAX_CHUNK): New define.
	(raw_read): For reads larger than MAX_CHUNK, loop.
	(raw_write): Write no more than MAX_CHUNK bytes per iteration.

From-SVN: r256074