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Commit 27f36b78 by Benjamin Kosnik Committed by Benjamin Kosnik
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PR libstdc++/54102, part 2 

2012-08-28  Benjamin Kosnik  <bkoz@redhat.com>

	PR libstdc++/54102, part 2
	* doc/Makefile.am (XSL_HTML_STYLE): use xhtml, not html.
	* doc/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
	* doc/html/*: Same.

From-SVN: r190771
parent 6247d6df
Showing with 381 additions and 982 deletions
libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog
2012-08-28 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com> 2012-08-28 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
PR libstdc++/54102, part 2
* doc/Makefile.am (XSL_HTML_STYLE): use xhtml, not html.
* doc/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
* doc/html/*: Same.
2012-08-28 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
* doc/html/*: Regenerate. * doc/html/*: Regenerate.
2012-08-28 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com> 2012-08-28 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/Makefile.am
...@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ XSLT_PARAM = --param toc.section.depth 4 ...@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ XSLT_PARAM = --param toc.section.depth 4
#XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl-ns #XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl-ns
#XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-ns-stylesheets #XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-ns-stylesheets
XSL_FO_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/fo/docbook.xsl XSL_FO_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/fo/docbook.xsl
XSL_HTML_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/chunk.xsl XSL_HTML_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/xhtml/chunk.xsl
XSL_HTML_SINGLE_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/docbook.xsl XSL_HTML_SINGLE_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/docbook.xsl
XSL_EPUB_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/epub3/chunk.xsl XSL_EPUB_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/epub3/chunk.xsl
XSL_LOCAL_STYLE = ${glibcxx_builddir}/doc/xsl/customization.xsl XSL_LOCAL_STYLE = ${glibcxx_builddir}/doc/xsl/customization.xsl
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/Makefile.in
...@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ XSLT_PARAM = --param toc.section.depth 4 ...@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ XSLT_PARAM = --param toc.section.depth 4
#XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl-ns #XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl-ns
#XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-ns-stylesheets #XSL_STYLE_DIR = /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-ns-stylesheets
XSL_FO_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/fo/docbook.xsl XSL_FO_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/fo/docbook.xsl
XSL_HTML_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/chunk.xsl XSL_HTML_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/xhtml/chunk.xsl
XSL_HTML_SINGLE_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/docbook.xsl XSL_HTML_SINGLE_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/html/docbook.xsl
XSL_EPUB_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/epub3/chunk.xsl XSL_EPUB_STYLE = $(XSL_STYLE_DIR)/epub3/chunk.xsl
XSL_LOCAL_STYLE = ${glibcxx_builddir}/doc/xsl/customization.xsl XSL_LOCAL_STYLE = ${glibcxx_builddir}/doc/xsl/customization.xsl
......
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/api.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
, <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk02.html" title="" /><link rel="prev" href="bk02.html" title="" /><link rel="next" href="bk03.html" title="" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"></th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="article" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="api"></a>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</h2></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
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2008 2008
, ,
2010 2010
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">FSF <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">FSF
</a> </a>
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<a class="link" href="manual/license.html" title="License">License <a class="link" href="manual/license.html" title="License">License
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The GNU C++ library sources have been specially formatted so that The GNU C++ library sources have been specially formatted so that
with the proper invocation of another tool (Doxygen), a set of with the proper invocation of another tool (Doxygen), a set of
indexed reference material can generated from the sources files indexed reference material can generated from the sources files
...@@ -60,4 +56,4 @@ ...@@ -60,4 +56,4 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
In addition, a rendered set of man pages are available in the same In addition, a rendered set of man pages are available in the same
location specified above. Start with C++Intro(3). location specified above. Start with C++Intro(3).
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ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
, <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title></title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="manual/backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"></th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="api.html">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> The GNU C++ Library API Reference</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/algorithms.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 11.  Algorithms</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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library
,
algorithm
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ISO C++
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Algorithms Algorithms
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="iterators.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II.  </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="iterators.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. 
Standard Contents Standard Contents
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="numerics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 11.  Algorithms"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="std.algorithms"></a>Chapter 11.  </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="numerics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 11.  Algorithms"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.algorithms"></a>Chapter 11. 
Algorithms Algorithms
<a class="indexterm" name="id628522"></a> <a id="id602593" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><p> </h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
The neatest accomplishment of the algorithms section is that all the The neatest accomplishment of the algorithms section is that all the
work is done via iterators, not containers directly. This means two work is done via iterators, not containers directly. This means two
important things: important things:
...@@ -52,7 +42,7 @@ ...@@ -52,7 +42,7 @@
to cause so much confusion. Once you to cause so much confusion. Once you
get <span class="emphasis"><em>range</em></span> into your head (it's not that hard, get <span class="emphasis"><em>range</em></span> into your head (it's not that hard,
honest!), then the algorithms are a cakewalk. honest!), then the algorithms are a cakewalk.
</p><div class="section" title="Mutating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="std.algorithms.mutating"></a>Mutating</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="swap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="algorithms.mutating.swap"></a><code class="function">swap</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Specializations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="algorithms.swap.specializations"></a>Specializations</h4></div></div></div><p>If you call <code class="code"> std::swap(x,y); </code> where x and y are standard </p><div class="section" title="Mutating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.algorithms.mutating"></a>Mutating</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="swap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="algorithms.mutating.swap"></a><code class="function">swap</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Specializations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="algorithms.swap.specializations"></a>Specializations</h4></div></div></div><p>If you call <code class="code"> std::swap(x,y); </code> where x and y are standard
containers, then the call will automatically be replaced by a call to containers, then the call will automatically be replaced by a call to
<code class="code"> x.swap(y); </code> instead. <code class="code"> x.swap(y); </code> instead.
</p><p>This allows member functions of each container class to take over, and </p><p>This allows member functions of each container class to take over, and
...@@ -62,7 +52,7 @@ ...@@ -62,7 +52,7 @@
fact use constant-time swaps.) This should not be surprising, since fact use constant-time swaps.) This should not be surprising, since
for two containers of the same type to swap contents, only some for two containers of the same type to swap contents, only some
internal pointers to storage need to be exchanged. internal pointers to storage need to be exchanged.
</p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="iterators.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="numerics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 10.  </p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="iterators.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="numerics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 10. 
Iterators Iterators
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......
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library
"><meta name="keywords" content="
ISO C++
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runtime
,
library
"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"><link rel="next" href="source_organization.html" title="Directory Layout and Source Conventions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix A. 
Contributing Contributing
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV.  </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices Appendices
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="source_organization.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix A.  Contributing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="appendix.contrib"></a> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="source_organization.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix A.  Contributing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.contrib"></a>
Contributing Contributing
<a class="indexterm" name="id675873"></a> <a id="id649945" class="indexterm"></a>
</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></div><p> </h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
The GNU C++ Library follows an open development model. Active The GNU C++ Library follows an open development model. Active
contributors are assigned maintainer-ship responsibility, and given contributors are assigned maintainer-ship responsibility, and given
write access to the source repository. First time contributors write access to the source repository. First time contributors
should follow this procedure: should follow this procedure:
</p><div class="section" title="Contributor Checklist"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="contrib.list"></a>Contributor Checklist</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Reading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="list.reading"></a>Reading</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> </p><div class="section" title="Contributor Checklist"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="contrib.list"></a>Contributor Checklist</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Reading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="list.reading"></a>Reading</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
Get and read the relevant sections of the C++ language Get and read the relevant sections of the C++ language
specification. Copies of the full ISO 14882 standard are specification. Copies of the full ISO 14882 standard are
available on line via the ISO mirror site for committee available on line via the ISO mirror site for committee
...@@ -56,7 +48,7 @@ ...@@ -56,7 +48,7 @@
And last but certainly not least, read the And last but certainly not least, read the
library-specific information found in library-specific information found in
<a class="link" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance">Porting and Maintenance</a>. <a class="link" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance">Porting and Maintenance</a>.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="Assignment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="list.copyright"></a>Assignment</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="Assignment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="list.copyright"></a>Assignment</h3></div></div></div><p>
Small changes can be accepted without a copyright assignment form on Small changes can be accepted without a copyright assignment form on
file. New code and additions to the library need completed copyright file. New code and additions to the library need completed copyright
assignment form on file at the FSF. Note: your employer may be required assignment form on file at the FSF. Note: your employer may be required
...@@ -83,10 +75,10 @@ ...@@ -83,10 +75,10 @@
requesting an assignment form from requesting an assignment form from
<code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:mailto:assign@gnu.org">mailto:assign@gnu.org</a>&gt;</code>, please cc the libstdc++ <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:mailto:assign@gnu.org">mailto:assign@gnu.org</a>&gt;</code>, please cc the libstdc++
maintainer above so that progress can be monitored. maintainer above so that progress can be monitored.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Getting Sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="list.getting"></a>Getting Sources</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Getting Sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="list.getting"></a>Getting Sources</h3></div></div></div><p>
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/svnwrite.html" target="_top">Getting write access <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/svnwrite.html" target="_top">Getting write access
(look for "Write after approval")</a> (look for "Write after approval")</a>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Submitting Patches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="list.patches"></a>Submitting Patches</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Submitting Patches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="list.patches"></a>Submitting Patches</h3></div></div></div><p>
Every patch must have several pieces of information before it can be Every patch must have several pieces of information before it can be
properly evaluated. Ideally (and to ensure the fastest possible properly evaluated. Ideally (and to ensure the fastest possible
response from the maintainers) it would have all of these pieces: response from the maintainers) it would have all of these pieces:
...@@ -119,6 +111,6 @@ ...@@ -119,6 +111,6 @@
mail message and send it to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org. All mail message and send it to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org. All
patches and related discussion should be sent to the patches and related discussion should be sent to the
libstdc++ mailing list. libstdc++ mailing list.
</p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="source_organization.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Part IV.  </p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="source_organization.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Part IV. 
Appendices Appendices
 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Directory Layout and Source Conventions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>  </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Directory Layout and Source Conventions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/appendix_free.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
, <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /><link rel="prev" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /><link rel="next" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix C. 
library
"><meta name="keywords" content="
ISO C++
,
runtime
,
library
"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"><link rel="prev" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility"><link rel="next" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix C. 
Free Software Needs Free Documentation Free Software Needs Free Documentation
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Appendices Appendices
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="appendix.free"></a> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.free"></a>
Free Software Needs Free Documentation Free Software Needs Free Documentation
<a class="indexterm" name="id688290"></a> <a id="id662362" class="indexterm"></a>
</h1></div></div></div><p> </h1></div></div></div><p>
The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the
software--it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in software--it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in
...@@ -129,6 +121,6 @@ prefer copylefted manuals to non-copylefted ones. ...@@ -129,6 +121,6 @@ prefer copylefted manuals to non-copylefted ones.
that lists free books available from other publishers</a>]. that lists free books available from other publishers</a>].
</p><p>Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</p><p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are </p><p>Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</p><p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are
permitted worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this permitted worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this
notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D.  notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D. 
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3 <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/appendix_gfdl.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
, <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /><link rel="prev" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3" /><link rel="next" href="../bk02.html" title="" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
runtime
,
library
"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"><link rel="prev" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3"><link rel="next" href="../bk02.html" title=""></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices Appendices
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="appendix.gfdl-1.3"></a>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.gfdl-1.3"></a>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</a> <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</a>
</p><p> </p><p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed. license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section0"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section0"></a>
0. PREAMBLE 0. PREAMBLE
</h3><p> </h3><p>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
...@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@ ...@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@
for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference. works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section1"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section1"></a>
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
</h3><p> </h3><p>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
...@@ -124,7 +120,7 @@ ...@@ -124,7 +120,7 @@
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License. meaning of this License.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section2"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section2"></a>
2. VERBATIM COPYING 2. VERBATIM COPYING
</h3><p> </h3><p>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
...@@ -139,7 +135,7 @@ ...@@ -139,7 +135,7 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
may publicly display copies. may publicly display copies.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section3"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section3"></a>
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
</h3><p> </h3><p>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
...@@ -173,7 +169,7 @@ ...@@ -173,7 +169,7 @@
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section4"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section4"></a>
4. MODIFICATIONS 4. MODIFICATIONS
</h3><p> </h3><p>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
...@@ -273,7 +269,7 @@ ...@@ -273,7 +269,7 @@
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version. endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section5"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section5"></a>
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
</h3><p> </h3><p>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
...@@ -298,7 +294,7 @@ ...@@ -298,7 +294,7 @@
Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
“Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
“Endorsements”. “Endorsements”.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section6"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section6"></a>
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
</h3><p> </h3><p>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
...@@ -311,7 +307,7 @@ ...@@ -311,7 +307,7 @@
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section7"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section7"></a>
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
</h3><p> </h3><p>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
...@@ -329,7 +325,7 @@ ...@@ -329,7 +325,7 @@
bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section8"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section8"></a>
8. TRANSLATION 8. TRANSLATION
</h3><p> </h3><p>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
...@@ -348,7 +344,7 @@ ...@@ -348,7 +344,7 @@
“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
changing the actual title. changing the actual title.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section9"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section9"></a>
9. TERMINATION 9. TERMINATION
</h3><p> </h3><p>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
...@@ -374,7 +370,7 @@ ...@@ -374,7 +370,7 @@
License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
give you any rights to use it. give you any rights to use it.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section10"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section10"></a>
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
</h3><p> </h3><p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
...@@ -394,7 +390,7 @@ ...@@ -394,7 +390,7 @@
can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-section11"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section11"></a>
11. RELICENSING 11. RELICENSING
</h3><p> </h3><p>
“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
...@@ -423,7 +419,7 @@ ...@@ -423,7 +419,7 @@
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</p><h3><a name="fdl-1-addendum"></a> </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-addendum"></a>
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
</h3><p> </h3><p>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
...@@ -448,6 +444,6 @@ being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p> ...@@ -448,6 +444,6 @@ being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software. use in free software.
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<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3 <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
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Section [23.1.2], Table 69, of the C++ standard lists this Section [23.1.2], Table 69, of the C++ standard lists this
function for all of the associative containers (map, set, etc): function for all of the associative containers (map, set, etc):
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
...@@ -92,7 +84,7 @@ ...@@ -92,7 +84,7 @@
the new item would in fact belong there. If the hint does not the new item would in fact belong there. If the hint does not
point to the correct place, then no further local searching is point to the correct place, then no further local searching is
done; the search begins from scratch in logarithmic time. done; the search begins from scratch in logarithmic time.
</p></div><div class="section" title="bitset"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="containers.associative.bitset"></a>bitset</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Size Variable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="associative.bitset.size_variable"></a>Size Variable</h4></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="bitset"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="containers.associative.bitset"></a>bitset</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Size Variable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="associative.bitset.size_variable"></a>Size Variable</h4></div></div></div><p>
No, you cannot write code of the form No, you cannot write code of the form
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;bitset&gt; #include &lt;bitset&gt;
...@@ -177,7 +169,7 @@ ...@@ -177,7 +169,7 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
Also note that the implementation of bitset used in libstdc++ has Also note that the implementation of bitset used in libstdc++ has
<a class="link" href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi" title="Backwards Compatibility">some extensions</a>. <a class="link" href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi" title="Backwards Compatibility">some extensions</a>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Type String"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="associative.bitset.type_string"></a>Type String</h4></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Type String"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="associative.bitset.type_string"></a>Type String</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p><p> </p><p>
Bitmasks do not take char* nor const char* arguments in their Bitmasks do not take char* nor const char* arguments in their
constructors. This is something of an accident, but you can read constructors. This is something of an accident, but you can read
...@@ -194,7 +186,7 @@ ...@@ -194,7 +186,7 @@
instead of instead of
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
std::bitset&lt;5&gt; b ( <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">10110</span>”</span> ); // invalid std::bitset&lt;5&gt; b ( <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">10110</span>”</span> ); // invalid
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<a class="indexterm" name="id630189"></a> <a id="id604261" class="indexterm"></a>
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Facilities for atomic operations. Facilities for atomic operations.
</p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="std.atomics.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.atomics.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p>
All items are declared in the standard header All items are declared in the standard header
file <code class="filename">atomic</code>. file <code class="filename">atomic</code>.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -35,7 +25,7 @@ ...@@ -35,7 +25,7 @@
<code class="classname">atomic&lt;int&gt;</code>. <code class="classname">atomic&lt;int&gt;</code>.
</p><p> </p><p>
Full API details. Full API details.
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</p><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="allocator.bitmap.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.bitmap.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
As this name suggests, this allocator uses a bit-map to keep track As this name suggests, this allocator uses a bit-map to keep track
of the used and unused memory locations for its book-keeping of the used and unused memory locations for its book-keeping
purposes. purposes.
...@@ -42,4 +30,4 @@ ...@@ -42,4 +30,4 @@
Mutex Protection around every allocation/deallocation. The state Mutex Protection around every allocation/deallocation. The state
of the macro is picked up automatically from the gthr abstraction of the macro is picked up automatically from the gthr abstraction
layer. layer.
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In 1999, SGI added <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">concept checkers</span>”</span> to their In 1999, SGI added <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">concept checkers</span>”</span> to their
implementation of the STL: code which checked the template implementation of the STL: code which checked the template
parameters of instantiated pieces of the STL, in order to insure parameters of instantiated pieces of the STL, in order to insure
...@@ -49,7 +41,7 @@ ...@@ -49,7 +41,7 @@
for example template argument types may need to be complete when used in for example template argument types may need to be complete when used in
a template definition, rather than at the point of instantiation. a template definition, rather than at the point of instantiation.
There are no plans to address these shortcomings. There are no plans to address these shortcomings.
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</p><p>A program that uses the C++ standard library correctly </p><p>A program that uses the C++ standard library correctly
will maintain the same semantics under debug mode as it had with will maintain the same semantics under debug mode as it had with
the normal (release) library. All functional and exception-handling the normal (release) library. All functional and exception-handling
...@@ -66,4 +52,4 @@ with the debug-mode checks included, but this is unsupported and not ...@@ -66,4 +52,4 @@ with the debug-mode checks included, but this is unsupported and not
guaranteed to work. For full debug-mode support you can use the guaranteed to work. For full debug-mode support you can use the
<code class="code">__gnu_debug::basic_string</code> debugging container directly, <code class="code">__gnu_debug::basic_string</code> debugging container directly,
which always works correctly. which always works correctly.
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library
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i.e. user-defined functors must not throw exceptions. i.e. user-defined functors must not throw exceptions.
Also, the order of execution is not guaranteed for some functions, of course. Also, the order of execution is not guaranteed for some functions, of course.
Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects. Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects.
...@@ -22,4 +8,4 @@ Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects. ...@@ -22,4 +8,4 @@ Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects.
OpenMP parallel regions in concurrent threads, OpenMP parallel regions in concurrent threads,
it is not possible to call parallel STL algorithm in it is not possible to call parallel STL algorithm in
concurrent threads, either. concurrent threads, either.
It might work with other compilers, though.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html> It might work with other compilers, though.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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library </p><div class="section" title="Interface Basics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.intro"></a>Interface Basics</h3></div></div></div><p>
,
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</p><div class="section" title="Interface Basics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.intro"></a>Interface Basics</h3></div></div></div><p>
All parallel algorithms are intended to have signatures that are All parallel algorithms are intended to have signatures that are
equivalent to the ISO C++ algorithms replaced. For instance, the equivalent to the ISO C++ algorithms replaced. For instance, the
<code class="function">std::adjacent_find</code> function is declared as: <code class="function">std::adjacent_find</code> function is declared as:
...@@ -56,7 +42,7 @@ algorithms/algorithm classes.</p><p> The general view of overloads for the paral ...@@ -56,7 +42,7 @@ algorithms/algorithm classes.</p><p> The general view of overloads for the paral
ISO C++ signature to the correct parallel version. Also, some of the ISO C++ signature to the correct parallel version. Also, some of the
algorithms do not have support for run-time conditions, so the last algorithms do not have support for run-time conditions, so the last
overload is therefore missing. overload is therefore missing.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Configuration and Tuning"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.tuning"></a>Configuration and Tuning</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Setting up the OpenMP Environment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp"></a>Setting up the OpenMP Environment</h4></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Configuration and Tuning"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.tuning"></a>Configuration and Tuning</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Setting up the OpenMP Environment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp"></a>Setting up the OpenMP Environment</h4></div></div></div><p>
Several aspects of the overall runtime environment can be manipulated Several aspects of the overall runtime environment can be manipulated
by standard OpenMP function calls. by standard OpenMP function calls.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -86,7 +72,7 @@ Other parts of the runtime environment able to be manipulated include ...@@ -86,7 +72,7 @@ Other parts of the runtime environment able to be manipulated include
nested parallelism (<code class="function">omp_set_nested</code>), schedule kind nested parallelism (<code class="function">omp_set_nested</code>), schedule kind
(<code class="function">omp_set_schedule</code>), and others. See the OpenMP (<code class="function">omp_set_schedule</code>), and others. See the OpenMP
documentation for more information. documentation for more information.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Compile Time Switches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile"></a>Compile Time Switches</h4></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Compile Time Switches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile"></a>Compile Time Switches</h4></div></div></div><p>
To force an algorithm to execute sequentially, even though parallelism To force an algorithm to execute sequentially, even though parallelism
is switched on in general via the macro <code class="constant">_GLIBCXX_PARALLEL</code>, is switched on in general via the macro <code class="constant">_GLIBCXX_PARALLEL</code>,
add <code class="classname">__gnu_parallel::sequential_tag()</code> to the end add <code class="classname">__gnu_parallel::sequential_tag()</code> to the end
...@@ -140,7 +126,7 @@ several additional choices, namely ...@@ -140,7 +126,7 @@ several additional choices, namely
<code class="code">__gnu_parallel::balanced_quicksort_tag</code>. <code class="code">__gnu_parallel::balanced_quicksort_tag</code>.
Multiway mergesort comes with the two splitting strategies for multi-way Multiway mergesort comes with the two splitting strategies for multi-way
merging. The quicksort options cannot be used for <code class="code">stable_sort</code>. merging. The quicksort options cannot be used for <code class="code">stable_sort</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Run Time Settings and Defaults"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings"></a>Run Time Settings and Defaults</h4></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Run Time Settings and Defaults"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings"></a>Run Time Settings and Defaults</h4></div></div></div><p>
The default parallelization strategy, the choice of specific algorithm The default parallelization strategy, the choice of specific algorithm
strategy, the minimum threshold limits for individual parallel strategy, the minimum threshold limits for individual parallel
algorithms, and aspects of the underlying hardware can be specified as algorithms, and aspects of the underlying hardware can be specified as
...@@ -208,7 +194,7 @@ int main() ...@@ -208,7 +194,7 @@ int main()
return 0; return 0;
} }
</pre></div></div><div class="section" title="Implementation Namespaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="parallel_mode.design.impl"></a>Implementation Namespaces</h3></div></div></div><p> One namespace contain versions of code that are always </pre></div></div><div class="section" title="Implementation Namespaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.impl"></a>Implementation Namespaces</h3></div></div></div><p> One namespace contain versions of code that are always
explicitly sequential: explicitly sequential:
<code class="code">__gnu_serial</code>. <code class="code">__gnu_serial</code>.
</p><p> Two namespaces contain the parallel mode: </p><p> Two namespaces contain the parallel mode:
...@@ -224,4 +210,4 @@ __gnu_parallel</code>. ...@@ -224,4 +210,4 @@ __gnu_parallel</code>.
</p><p> More information, and an organized index of types and functions </p><p> More information, and an organized index of types and functions
related to the parallel mode on a per-namespace basis, can be found in related to the parallel mode on a per-namespace basis, can be found in
the generated source documentation. the generated source documentation.
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library
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"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode"><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html" title="Design"><link rel="next" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Testing</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section" title="Testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.parallel_mode.test"></a>Testing</h2></div></div></div><p>
Both the normal conformance and regression tests and the Both the normal conformance and regression tests and the
supplemental performance tests work. supplemental performance tests work.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -37,4 +23,4 @@ ...@@ -37,4 +23,4 @@
additional software dependencies than the usual bare-boned text additional software dependencies than the usual bare-boned text
file, and can be generated by using the <code class="code">make file, and can be generated by using the <code class="code">make
doc-performance</code> rule in the testsuite's Makefile. doc-performance</code> rule in the testsuite's Makefile.
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library
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Many large projects use their own data structures instead of the ones in the Many large projects use their own data structures instead of the ones in the
standard library. If these data structures are similar in functionality standard library. If these data structures are similar in functionality
to the standard library, they can be instrumented with the same hooks to the standard library, they can be instrumented with the same hooks
that are used to instrument the standard library. that are used to instrument the standard library.
The instrumentation API is exposed in file The instrumentation API is exposed in file
<code class="code">profiler.h</code> (look for "Instrumentation hooks"). <code class="code">profiler.h</code> (look for "Instrumentation hooks").
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Empirical Cost Model</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Empirical Cost Model</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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library
,
profile
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"><meta name="keywords" content="
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,
runtime
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"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode"><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html" title="Extensions for Custom Containers"><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html" title="Implementation Issues"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Empirical Cost Model</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section" title="Empirical Cost Model"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.cost_model"></a>Empirical Cost Model</h2></div></div></div><p>
Currently, the cost model uses formulas with predefined relative weights Currently, the cost model uses formulas with predefined relative weights
for alternative containers or container implementations. For instance, for alternative containers or container implementations. For instance,
iterating through a vector is X times faster than iterating through a list. iterating through a vector is X times faster than iterating through a list.
...@@ -29,4 +15,4 @@ ...@@ -29,4 +15,4 @@
filled in either by hand or by an automated training mechanism. filled in either by hand or by an automated training mechanism.
The analysis module will then use this database instead of the built in. The analysis module will then use this database instead of the built in.
generic parameters. generic parameters.
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library
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"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode"><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html" title="Empirical Cost Model"><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html" title="Developer Information"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation Issues</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section" title="Implementation Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation"></a>Implementation Issues</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Stack Traces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack"></a>Stack Traces</h3></div></div></div><p>
Accurate stack traces are needed during profiling since we group events by Accurate stack traces are needed during profiling since we group events by
call context and dynamic instance. Without accurate traces, diagnostics call context and dynamic instance. Without accurate traces, diagnostics
may be hard to interpret. For instance, when giving advice to the user may be hard to interpret. For instance, when giving advice to the user
...@@ -25,24 +11,24 @@ ...@@ -25,24 +11,24 @@
<code class="code">_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_STACK_DEPTH</code> can be set <code class="code">_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_STACK_DEPTH</code> can be set
to 0 if you are willing to give up call context information, or to a small to 0 if you are willing to give up call context information, or to a small
positive value to reduce run time overhead. positive value to reduce run time overhead.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Symbolization of Instruction Addresses"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols"></a>Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Symbolization of Instruction Addresses"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols"></a>Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</h3></div></div></div><p>
The profiling and analysis phases use only instruction addresses. The profiling and analysis phases use only instruction addresses.
An external utility such as addr2line is needed to postprocess the result. An external utility such as addr2line is needed to postprocess the result.
We do not plan to add symbolization support in the profile extension. We do not plan to add symbolization support in the profile extension.
This would require access to symbol tables, debug information tables, This would require access to symbol tables, debug information tables,
external programs or libraries and other system dependent information. external programs or libraries and other system dependent information.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Concurrency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency"></a>Concurrency</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Concurrency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency"></a>Concurrency</h3></div></div></div><p>
Our current model is simplistic, but precise. Our current model is simplistic, but precise.
We cannot afford to approximate because some of our diagnostics require We cannot afford to approximate because some of our diagnostics require
precise matching of operations to container instance and call context. precise matching of operations to container instance and call context.
During profiling, we keep a single information table per diagnostic. During profiling, we keep a single information table per diagnostic.
There is a single lock per information table. There is a single lock per information table.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib"></a>Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib"></a>Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</h3></div></div></div><p>
As much as we would like to avoid uses of libstdc++ within our As much as we would like to avoid uses of libstdc++ within our
instrumentation library, containers such as unordered_map are very instrumentation library, containers such as unordered_map are very
appealing. We plan to use them as long as they are named properly appealing. We plan to use them as long as they are named properly
to avoid ambiguity. to avoid ambiguity.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Malloc Hooks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks"></a>Malloc Hooks</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Malloc Hooks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks"></a>Malloc Hooks</h3></div></div></div><p>
User applications/libraries can provide malloc hooks. User applications/libraries can provide malloc hooks.
When the implementation of the malloc hooks uses stdlibc++, there can When the implementation of the malloc hooks uses stdlibc++, there can
be an infinite cycle between the profile mode instrumentation and the be an infinite cycle between the profile mode instrumentation and the
...@@ -56,10 +42,10 @@ ...@@ -56,10 +42,10 @@
uses non-recursive locks. uses non-recursive locks.
XXX: A definitive solution to this problem would be for the profile extension XXX: A definitive solution to this problem would be for the profile extension
to use a custom allocator internally, and perhaps not to use libstdc++. to use a custom allocator internally, and perhaps not to use libstdc++.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Construction and Destruction of Global Objects"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction"></a>Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Construction and Destruction of Global Objects"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction"></a>Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</h3></div></div></div><p>
The profiling library state is initialized at the first call to a profiling The profiling library state is initialized at the first call to a profiling
method. This allows us to record the construction of all global objects. method. This allows us to record the construction of all global objects.
However, we cannot do the same at destruction time. The trace is written However, we cannot do the same at destruction time. The trace is written
by a function registered by <code class="code">atexit</code>, thus invoked by by a function registered by <code class="code">atexit</code>, thus invoked by
<code class="code">exit</code>. <code class="code">exit</code>.
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, <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Developer Information</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; profile&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html" title="Implementation Issues" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html" title="Diagnostics" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Developer Information</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Developer Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer"></a>Developer Information</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Big Picture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic"></a>Big Picture</h3></div></div></div><p>The profile mode headers are included with
library
,
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"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode"><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html" title="Implementation Issues"><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html" title="Diagnostics"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Developer Information</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section" title="Developer Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer"></a>Developer Information</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Big Picture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic"></a>Big Picture</h3></div></div></div><p>The profile mode headers are included with
<code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE</code> through preprocessor directives in <code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE</code> through preprocessor directives in
<code class="code">include/std/*</code>. <code class="code">include/std/*</code>.
</p><p>Instrumented implementations are provided in </p><p>Instrumented implementations are provided in
...@@ -28,7 +14,7 @@ ...@@ -28,7 +14,7 @@
must ensure (1) that the call is guarded against reentrance and must ensure (1) that the call is guarded against reentrance and
(2) that the call can be turned off at compile time using a (2) that the call can be turned off at compile time using a
<code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_...</code> compiler option. <code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_...</code> compiler option.
</p></div><div class="section" title="How To Add A Diagnostic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto"></a>How To Add A Diagnostic</h3></div></div></div><p>Let's say the diagnostic name is "magic". </p></div><div class="section" title="How To Add A Diagnostic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto"></a>How To Add A Diagnostic</h3></div></div></div><p>Let's say the diagnostic name is "magic".
</p><p>If you need to instrument a header not already under </p><p>If you need to instrument a header not already under
<code class="code">include/profile/*</code>, first edit the corresponding header <code class="code">include/profile/*</code>, first edit the corresponding header
under <code class="code">include/std/</code> and add a preprocessor directive such under <code class="code">include/std/</code> and add a preprocessor directive such
...@@ -79,4 +65,4 @@ ...@@ -79,4 +65,4 @@
<code class="code">include/profile/impl/profiler_trace.h</code>. Use <code class="code">include/profile/impl/profiler_trace.h</code>. Use
<code class="code">__trace_vector_to_list</code> as an example. <code class="code">__trace_vector_to_list</code> as an example.
</p><p>Add documentation in file <code class="code">doc/xml/manual/profile_mode.xml</code>. </p><p>Add documentation in file <code class="code">doc/xml/manual/profile_mode.xml</code>.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation Issues </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Diagnostics</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation Issues </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Diagnostics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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ISO C++ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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describing the characteristics of the memory pool, a policy class describing the characteristics of the memory pool, a policy class
containing this pool that links instantiation types to common or containing this pool that links instantiation types to common or
individual pools, and a class inheriting from the policy class that is individual pools, and a class inheriting from the policy class that is
...@@ -48,4 +36,4 @@ tuning, for instance. ...@@ -48,4 +36,4 @@ tuning, for instance.
</pre><p> This class has the interface required for standard library allocator </pre><p> This class has the interface required for standard library allocator
classes, namely member functions <code class="code">allocate</code> and classes, namely member functions <code class="code">allocate</code> and
<code class="code">deallocate</code>, plus others. <code class="code">deallocate</code>, plus others.
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exists a nested <code class="code">struct __pool_base::_Tune</code> that contains all exists a nested <code class="code">struct __pool_base::_Tune</code> that contains all
these parameters, which include settings for these parameters, which include settings for
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Alignment</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum bytes before calling <code class="code">::operator new</code> directly</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Minimum bytes</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Size of underlying global allocations</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum number of supported threads</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Migration of deallocations to the global free list</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Shunt for global <code class="code">new</code> and <code class="code">delete</code></p></li></ul></div><p>Adjusting parameters for a given instance of an allocator can only </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Alignment</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum bytes before calling <code class="code">::operator new</code> directly</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Minimum bytes</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Size of underlying global allocations</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum number of supported threads</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Migration of deallocations to the global free list</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Shunt for global <code class="code">new</code> and <code class="code">delete</code></p></li></ul></div><p>Adjusting parameters for a given instance of an allocator can only
...@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@ int main() ...@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@ int main()
return 0; return 0;
} }
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Initialization"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="allocator.mt.init"></a>Initialization</h3></div></div></div><p> </pre></div><div class="section" title="Initialization"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.init"></a>Initialization</h3></div></div></div><p>
The static variables (pointers to freelists, tuning parameters etc) The static variables (pointers to freelists, tuning parameters etc)
are initialized as above, or are set to the global defaults. are initialized as above, or are set to the global defaults.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -143,7 +131,7 @@ The _S_initialize() function: ...@@ -143,7 +131,7 @@ The _S_initialize() function:
for this specific bin. This only occurs when a number of blocks for this specific bin. This only occurs when a number of blocks
are grabbed from the global list to a thread specific list or when are grabbed from the global list to a thread specific list or when
a thread decides to return some blocks to the global freelist. a thread decides to return some blocks to the global freelist.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Deallocation Notes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="allocator.mt.deallocation"></a>Deallocation Notes</h3></div></div></div><p> Notes about deallocation. This allocator does not explicitly </p></div><div class="section" title="Deallocation Notes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.deallocation"></a>Deallocation Notes</h3></div></div></div><p> Notes about deallocation. This allocator does not explicitly
release memory. Because of this, memory debugging programs like release memory. Because of this, memory debugging programs like
valgrind or purify may notice leaks: sorry about this valgrind or purify may notice leaks: sorry about this
inconvenience. Operating systems will reclaim allocated memory at inconvenience. Operating systems will reclaim allocated memory at
...@@ -170,4 +158,4 @@ implementation-specific, and subject to change. For an example of a ...@@ -170,4 +158,4 @@ implementation-specific, and subject to change. For an example of a
pool that frees memory, see the following pool that frees memory, see the following
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/viewcvs/trunk/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/ext/mt_allocator/deallocate_local-6.cc?view=markup" target="_top"> <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/viewcvs/trunk/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/ext/mt_allocator/deallocate_local-6.cc?view=markup" target="_top">
example.</a> example.</a>
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Let's start by describing how the data on a freelist is laid out in memory. Let's start by describing how the data on a freelist is laid out in memory.
This is the first two blocks in freelist for thread id 3 in bin 3 (8 bytes): This is the first two blocks in freelist for thread id 3 in bin 3 (8 bytes):
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
...@@ -88,4 +76,4 @@ of the global freelist and update the pointer as needed ...@@ -88,4 +76,4 @@ of the global freelist and update the pointer as needed
The decision to add deallocated blocks to the front of the freelist was made The decision to add deallocated blocks to the front of the freelist was made
after a set of performance measurements that showed that this is roughly 10% after a set of performance measurements that showed that this is roughly 10%
faster than maintaining a set of "last pointers" as well. faster than maintaining a set of "last pointers" as well.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch20s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="mt_allocator.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch20s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Multiple Thread Example</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch20s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="mt_allocator.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch20s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Multiple Thread Example</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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In the ST example we never used the thread_id variable present in each block. In the ST example we never used the thread_id variable present in each block.
Let's start by explaining the purpose of this in a MT application. Let's start by explaining the purpose of this in a MT application.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -116,4 +104,4 @@ mutex to be locked) this operation is also made in chunks of blocks ...@@ -116,4 +104,4 @@ mutex to be locked) this operation is also made in chunks of blocks
a threads freelist mentioned above). The "formula" used can probably a threads freelist mentioned above). The "formula" used can probably
be improved to further reduce the risk of blocks being "bounced back be improved to further reduce the risk of blocks being "bounced back
and forth" between freelists. and forth" between freelists.
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The SGI hashing classes <code class="classname">hash_set</code> and The SGI hashing classes <code class="classname">hash_set</code> and
<code class="classname">hash_set</code> have been deprecated by the <code class="classname">hash_set</code> have been deprecated by the
unordered_set, unordered_multiset, unordered_map, unordered_set, unordered_multiset, unordered_map,
...@@ -64,4 +56,4 @@ ...@@ -64,4 +56,4 @@
associative containers defined in the ISO C++ 2011 standard in the associative containers defined in the ISO C++ 2011 standard in the
headers <code class="filename">&lt;unordered_map&gt;</code> headers <code class="filename">&lt;unordered_map&gt;</code>
and <code class="filename">&lt;unordered_set&gt;</code>. and <code class="filename">&lt;unordered_set&gt;</code>.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_containers.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_containers.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_utilities.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 24. Utilities</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_containers.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_containers.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_utilities.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 24. Utilities</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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implemented via compiler intrinsics (if the underlying host is implemented via compiler intrinsics (if the underlying host is
capable) or by library fallbacks.</p><p>Compiler intrinsics (builtins) are always preferred. However, as capable) or by library fallbacks.</p><p>Compiler intrinsics (builtins) are always preferred. However, as
the compiler builtins for atomics are not universally implemented, the compiler builtins for atomics are not universally implemented,
...@@ -41,7 +29,7 @@ hardware, hand-crafted assembly is selected. This is the case for the following ...@@ -41,7 +29,7 @@ hardware, hand-crafted assembly is selected. This is the case for the following
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>cris</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>hppa</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>i386</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>i486</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>m48k</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>mips</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>sparc</p></li></ul></div><p>And for the rest, a simulated atomic lock via pthreads. </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>cris</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>hppa</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>i386</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>i486</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>m48k</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>mips</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>sparc</p></li></ul></div><p>And for the rest, a simulated atomic lock via pthreads.
</p><p> Detailed information about compiler intrinsics for atomic operations can be found in the GCC <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Atomic-Builtins.html" target="_top"> documentation</a>. </p><p> Detailed information about compiler intrinsics for atomic operations can be found in the GCC <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Atomic-Builtins.html" target="_top"> documentation</a>.
</p><p> More details on the library fallbacks from the porting <a class="link" href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety" title="Thread Safety">section</a>. </p><p> More details on the library fallbacks from the porting <a class="link" href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety" title="Thread Safety">section</a>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Thread Abstraction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread"></a>Thread Abstraction</h3></div></div></div><p>A thin layer above IEEE 1003.1 (i.e. pthreads) is used to abstract </p></div><div class="section" title="Thread Abstraction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread"></a>Thread Abstraction</h3></div></div></div><p>A thin layer above IEEE 1003.1 (i.e. pthreads) is used to abstract
the thread interface for GCC. This layer is called "gthread," and is the thread interface for GCC. This layer is called "gthread," and is
comprised of one header file that wraps the host's default thread layer with comprised of one header file that wraps the host's default thread layer with
a POSIX-like interface. a POSIX-like interface.
...@@ -54,4 +42,4 @@ use this layer. More detail as to the specific interface can be found in the sou ...@@ -54,4 +42,4 @@ use this layer. More detail as to the specific interface can be found in the sou
functions, and usage found in the usual &lt;pthread.h&gt; file, functions, and usage found in the usual &lt;pthread.h&gt; file,
including <code class="code">pthread_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_once_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_create</code>, including <code class="code">pthread_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_once_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_create</code>,
etc. etc.
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library
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</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt; #include &lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt;
...@@ -43,6 +31,6 @@ the mutex as control moves out of this block. ...@@ -43,6 +31,6 @@ the mutex as control moves out of this block.
concurrence-related errors. These classes concurrence-related errors. These classes
are: <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_wait_error</code>, are: <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_wait_error</code>,
and <code class="code">__concurrence_broadcast_error</code>. and <code class="code">__concurrence_broadcast_error</code>.
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Appendices Appendices
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Extensions Extensions
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Here we will make an attempt at describing the non-Standard Here we will make an attempt at describing the non-Standard
extensions to the library. Some of these are from older versions of extensions to the library. Some of these are from older versions of
standard library components, namely SGI's STL, and some of these are standard library components, namely SGI's STL, and some of these are
...@@ -29,7 +21,7 @@ extensions, be aware of two things: ...@@ -29,7 +21,7 @@ extensions, be aware of two things:
treat them differently, or... treat them differently, or...
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
You should know how to access these headers properly. You should know how to access these headers properly.
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Extensions Extensions
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libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/bk01pt04.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Part IV.  Appendices</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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Appendices Appendices
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Contributing Contributing
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...@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ Support for C++11 dialect. ...@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ Support for C++11 dialect.
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<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3 <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
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Contributing Contributing
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Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and
fixed bugs are all available as part of the <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/" target="_top">GCC bug tracking system</a>, fixed bugs are all available as part of the <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/" target="_top">GCC bug tracking system</a>,
with the category set to <code class="literal">libstdc++</code>. with the category set to <code class="literal">libstdc++</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Standard Bugs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.intro.status.bugs.iso"></a>Standard Bugs</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Standard Bugs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.status.bugs.iso"></a>Standard Bugs</h3></div></div></div><p>
Everybody's got issues. Even the C++ Standard Library. Everybody's got issues. Even the C++ Standard Library.
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The Library Working Group, or LWG, is the ISO subcommittee responsible The Library Working Group, or LWG, is the ISO subcommittee responsible
...@@ -357,4 +349,4 @@ ...@@ -357,4 +349,4 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>More algorithms that throw away information</em></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>More algorithms that throw away information</em></span>
</span></dt><dd><p>The traditional HP / SGI return type and value is blessed </span></dt><dd><p>The traditional HP / SGI return type and value is blessed
by the resolution of the DR. by the resolution of the DR.
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Concurrency Concurrency
<a class="indexterm" name="id630309"></a> <a id="id604381" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p> </h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
Facilities for concurrent operation, and control thereof. Facilities for concurrent operation, and control thereof.
</p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="std.concurrency.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.concurrency.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p>
All items are declared in one of four standard header files. All items are declared in one of four standard header files.
</p><p> </p><p>
In header <code class="filename">mutex</code>, class In header <code class="filename">mutex</code>, class
...@@ -49,7 +33,7 @@ ...@@ -49,7 +33,7 @@
and <code class="classname">packaged_task</code>. and <code class="classname">packaged_task</code>.
</p><p> </p><p>
Full API details. Full API details.
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Atomics Atomics
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When configuring libstdc++, you'll have to configure the entire When configuring libstdc++, you'll have to configure the entire
<span class="emphasis"><em>gccsrcdir</em></span> directory. Consider using the <span class="emphasis"><em>gccsrcdir</em></span> directory. Consider using the
toplevel gcc configuration option toplevel gcc configuration option
...@@ -229,4 +215,4 @@ ...@@ -229,4 +215,4 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>freestanding</em></span> environment, in which only a <span class="emphasis"><em>freestanding</em></span> environment, in which only a
minimal set of headers are provided. This option builds such an minimal set of headers are provided. This option builds such an
environment. environment.
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Yes it is, and that's okay. This is a decision that we preserved Yes it is, and that's okay. This is a decision that we preserved
when we imported SGI's STL implementation. The following is when we imported SGI's STL implementation. The following is
quoted from <a class="link" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/FAQ.html" target="_top">their FAQ</a>: quoted from <a class="link" href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/FAQ.html" target="_top">their FAQ</a>:
...@@ -50,8 +42,8 @@ ...@@ -50,8 +42,8 @@
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
if (L.empty()) if (L.empty())
... ...
</pre></blockquote></div></div></div><div class="section" title="vector"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="containers.sequences.vector"></a>vector</h3></div></div></div><p> </pre></blockquote></div></div></div><div class="section" title="vector"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="containers.sequences.vector"></a>vector</h3></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Space Overhead Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sequences.vector.management"></a>Space Overhead Management</h4></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="Space Overhead Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="sequences.vector.management"></a>Space Overhead Management</h4></div></div></div><p>
In <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-04/msg00105.html" target="_top">this In <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-04/msg00105.html" target="_top">this
message to the list</a>, Daniel Kostecky announced work on an message to the list</a>, Daniel Kostecky announced work on an
alternate form of <code class="code">std::vector</code> that would support alternate form of <code class="code">std::vector</code> that would support
...@@ -60,4 +52,4 @@ ...@@ -60,4 +52,4 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
The first two alpha releases were announced <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00048.html" target="_top">here</a> The first two alpha releases were announced <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00048.html" target="_top">here</a>
and <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00111.html" target="_top">here</a>. and <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00111.html" target="_top">here</a>.
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You're writing some code and can't decide whether to use builtin You're writing some code and can't decide whether to use builtin
arrays or some kind of container. There are compelling reasons arrays or some kind of container. There are compelling reasons
to use one of the container classes, but you're afraid that to use one of the container classes, but you're afraid that
...@@ -92,7 +84,7 @@ template&lt;typename T, unsigned int sz&gt; ...@@ -92,7 +84,7 @@ template&lt;typename T, unsigned int sz&gt;
inline unsigned int lengthof (T (&amp;)[sz]) { return sz; } inline unsigned int lengthof (T (&amp;)[sz]) { return sz; }
</pre><p> </pre><p>
looks just weird! Hint: unused parameters can be left nameless. looks just weird! Hint: unused parameters can be left nameless.
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debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.debug_mode.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p> debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
By default, libstdc++ is built with efficiency in mind, and By default, libstdc++ is built with efficiency in mind, and
therefore performs little or no error checking that is not therefore performs little or no error checking that is not
required by the C++ standard. This means that programs that required by the C++ standard. This means that programs that
...@@ -49,4 +35,4 @@ ...@@ -49,4 +35,4 @@
the same predicate that was passed the same predicate that was passed
to <code class="code">set_intersection</code>; the libstdc++ debug mode will to <code class="code">set_intersection</code>; the libstdc++ debug mode will
detect an error if the sequence is not sorted or was sorted by a detect an error if the sequence is not sorted or was sorted by a
different predicate.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_compile_checks.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Semantics</td></tr></table></div></body></html> different predicate.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_compile_checks.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Semantics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header
files: <code class="filename">exception</code>, files: <code class="filename">exception</code>,
<code class="filename">stdexcept</code>, <code class="filename">new</code>, and <code class="filename">stdexcept</code>, <code class="filename">new</code>, and
...@@ -31,7 +23,7 @@ ...@@ -31,7 +23,7 @@
found in the source documentation. found in the source documentation.
</p><p> </p><p>
Full API details. Full API details.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Adding Data to exception"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.diagnostics.exceptions.data"></a>Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Adding Data to exception"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.data"></a>Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as
data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took
place). It's good to remember that you can add your own data to place). It's good to remember that you can add your own data to
...@@ -48,4 +40,4 @@ ...@@ -48,4 +40,4 @@
int e; int e;
DBID id; // some user-defined type DBID id; // some user-defined type
}; };
</pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Termination </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Concept Checking</td></tr></table></div></body></html> </pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Termination </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Concept Checking</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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There are six flavors each of <code class="function">new</code> and There are six flavors each of <code class="function">new</code> and
<code class="function">delete</code>, so make certain that you're using the right <code class="function">delete</code>, so make certain that you're using the right
ones. Here are quickie descriptions of <code class="function">new</code>: ones. Here are quickie descriptions of <code class="function">new</code>:
...@@ -74,7 +66,7 @@ ...@@ -74,7 +66,7 @@
</pre><p> </pre><p>
<code class="classname">bad_alloc</code> is derived from the base <code class="classname">exception</code> <code class="classname">bad_alloc</code> is derived from the base <code class="classname">exception</code>
class defined in Sect1 19. class defined in Sect1 19.
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and count_if. The standard versions return their results. The and count_if. The standard versions return their results. The
additional signatures return void, but take a final parameter by additional signatures return void, but take a final parameter by
reference to which they assign their results, e.g., reference to which they assign their results, e.g.,
...@@ -28,4 +20,4 @@ ...@@ -28,4 +20,4 @@
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
lexicographical_compare_3way(_InputIter1 first1, _InputIter1 last1, lexicographical_compare_3way(_InputIter1 first1, _InputIter1 last1,
_InputIter2 first2, _InputIter2 last2)</pre><p>which does... what? _InputIter2 first2, _InputIter2 last2)</pre><p>which does... what?
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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Also known as concept checking. Also known as concept checking.
</p><p>In 1999, SGI added <span class="emphasis"><em>concept checkers</em></span> to their implementation </p><p>In 1999, SGI added <span class="emphasis"><em>concept checkers</em></span> to their implementation
of the STL: code which checked the template parameters of of the STL: code which checked the template parameters of
...@@ -45,4 +37,4 @@ ...@@ -45,4 +37,4 @@
support for template parameter constraints based on concepts in the core support for template parameter constraints based on concepts in the core
language. This will obviate the need for the library-simulated concept language. This will obviate the need for the library-simulated concept
checking described above. checking described above.
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libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/ext_concurrency.html
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 30. Concurrency</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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contains all the higher-level contains all the higher-level
constructs for playing with threads. In contrast to the atomics layer, constructs for playing with threads. In contrast to the atomics layer,
the concurrence layer consists largely of types. All types are defined within <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. the concurrence layer consists largely of types. All types are defined within <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>.
...@@ -45,7 +33,7 @@ critical sections, while retaining exception-safety. ...@@ -45,7 +33,7 @@ critical sections, while retaining exception-safety.
These types have been superseded in the ISO C++ 2011 standard by the These types have been superseded in the ISO C++ 2011 standard by the
mutex and lock types defined in the header mutex and lock types defined in the header
<code class="filename">&lt;mutex&gt;</code>. <code class="filename">&lt;mutex&gt;</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Interface to Atomic Functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics"></a>Interface to Atomic Functions</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Interface to Atomic Functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics"></a>Interface to Atomic Functions</h3></div></div></div><p>
Two functions and one type form the base of atomic support. Two functions and one type form the base of atomic support.
</p><p>The type <code class="code">_Atomic_word</code> is a signed integral type </p><p>The type <code class="code">_Atomic_word</code> is a signed integral type
supporting atomic operations. supporting atomic operations.
...@@ -103,4 +91,4 @@ _GLIBCXX_WRITE_MEM_BARRIER ...@@ -103,4 +91,4 @@ _GLIBCXX_WRITE_MEM_BARRIER
</p><p> </p><p>
Which expand to the appropriate write and read barrier required by the Which expand to the appropriate write and read barrier required by the
host hardware and operating system. host hardware and operating system.
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libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/ext_containers.html
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been made with containers. Those dealing with older SGI-style been made with containers. Those dealing with older SGI-style
allocators are dealt with elsewhere. The remaining ones all deal allocators are dealt with elsewhere. The remaining ones all deal
with bits: with bits:
...@@ -47,4 +39,4 @@ ...@@ -47,4 +39,4 @@
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
size_t _Find_first() const; size_t _Find_first() const;
size_t _Find_next (size_t prev) const;</pre><p>The same caveat given for the _Unchecked_* functions applies here also. size_t _Find_next (size_t prev) const;</pre><p>The same caveat given for the _Unchecked_* functions applies here also.
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 29. Demangling</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content=" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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Transforming C++ ABI identifiers (like RTTI symbols) into the Transforming C++ ABI identifiers (like RTTI symbols) into the
original C++ source identifiers is called original C++ source identifiers is called
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">demangling.</span>”</span> <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">demangling.</span>”</span>
...@@ -79,4 +71,4 @@ int main() ...@@ -79,4 +71,4 @@ int main()
be writing C++ in order to demangle C++. (That also means we have to be writing C++ in order to demangle C++. (That also means we have to
use crummy memory management facilities, so don't forget to free() use crummy memory management facilities, so don't forget to free()
the returned char array.) the returned char array.)
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Extensions allowing <code class="code">filebuf</code>s to be constructed from Extensions allowing <code class="code">filebuf</code>s to be constructed from
"C" types like FILE*s and file descriptors. "C" types like FILE*s and file descriptors.
</p><div class="section" title="Derived filebufs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived"></a>Derived filebufs</h2></div></div></div><p>The v2 library included non-standard extensions to construct </p><div class="section" title="Derived filebufs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived"></a>Derived filebufs</h2></div></div></div><p>The v2 library included non-standard extensions to construct
<code class="code">std::filebuf</code>s from C stdio types such as <code class="code">std::filebuf</code>s from C stdio types such as
<code class="code">FILE*</code>s and POSIX file descriptors. <code class="code">FILE*</code>s and POSIX file descriptors.
Today the recommended way to use stdio types with libstdc++ Today the recommended way to use stdio types with libstdc++
...@@ -50,4 +42,4 @@ ...@@ -50,4 +42,4 @@
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/latest-doxygen/a00074.html" target="_top"><code class="code">__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code></a>. <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/latest-doxygen/a00074.html" target="_top"><code class="code">__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code></a>.
This class can be constructed from a C <code class="code">FILE*</code> or a file This class can be constructed from a C <code class="code">FILE*</code> or a file
descriptor, and provides the <code class="code">fd()</code> function. descriptor, and provides the <code class="code">fd()</code> function.
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original HP STL implementation (the language wasn't rich enough at the original HP STL implementation (the language wasn't rich enough at the
time). For backwards compatibility, base classes are provided which time). For backwards compatibility, base classes are provided which
declare the same nested typedefs: declare the same nested typedefs:
...@@ -19,4 +11,4 @@ ...@@ -19,4 +11,4 @@
two iterators and returns a result. It is extended by another signature two iterators and returns a result. It is extended by another signature
which takes two iterators and a reference to a result. The result is which takes two iterators and a reference to a result. The result is
modified, and the function returns nothing. modified, and the function returns nothing.
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are extended with the following functions: are extended with the following functions:
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
power (x, n); power (x, n);
...@@ -29,4 +21,4 @@ ...@@ -29,4 +21,4 @@
<code class="code">value + 1</code> to<code class="code"> *(first + 1)</code> and so on." <code class="code">value + 1</code> to<code class="code"> *(first + 1)</code> and so on."
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
void iota(_ForwardIter first, _ForwardIter last, _Tp value);</pre><p>The <code class="code">iota</code> function is included in the ISO C++ 2011 standard. void iota(_ForwardIter first, _ForwardIter last, _Tp value);</pre><p>The <code class="code">iota</code> function is included in the ISO C++ 2011 standard.
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The <code class="filename">&lt;functional&gt;</code> header The <code class="filename">&lt;functional&gt;</code> header
contains many additional functors contains many additional functors
and helper functions, extending section 20.3. They are and helper functions, extending section 20.3. They are
...@@ -47,4 +39,4 @@ get_temporary_buffer(5, (int*)0); ...@@ -47,4 +39,4 @@ get_temporary_buffer(5, (int*)0);
</p><p> </p><p>
The specialized algorithms of section 20.4.4 are extended with The specialized algorithms of section 20.4.4 are extended with
<code class="code">uninitialized_copy_n</code>. <code class="code">uninitialized_copy_n</code>.
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</p><p>So you want to copy a file quickly and easily, and most important, </p><p>So you want to copy a file quickly and easily, and most important,
completely portably. And since this is C++, you have an open completely portably. And since this is C++, you have an open
ifstream (call it IN) and an open ofstream (call it OUT): ifstream (call it IN) and an open ofstream (call it OUT):
...@@ -57,7 +49,7 @@ ...@@ -57,7 +49,7 @@
The operators shown above are all defined in the parent The operators shown above are all defined in the parent
basic_ostream class and are therefore available with all possible basic_ostream class and are therefore available with all possible
descendants. descendants.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Binary Input and Output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.io.filestreams.binary"></a>Binary Input and Output</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Binary Input and Output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.io.filestreams.binary"></a>Binary Input and Output</h3></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>The first and most important thing to remember about binary I/O is </p><p>The first and most important thing to remember about binary I/O is
that opening a file with <code class="code">ios::binary</code> is not, repeat that opening a file with <code class="code">ios::binary</code> is not, repeat
<span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>, the only thing you have to do. It is not a silver <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>, the only thing you have to do. It is not a silver
...@@ -155,4 +147,4 @@ ...@@ -155,4 +147,4 @@
between arbitrary programs, or across a network, or from one between arbitrary programs, or across a network, or from one
invocation of a program to another invocation of the same program invocation of a program to another invocation of the same program
on a different platform, etc. on a different platform, etc.
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</p><p>There are four generalized functions in the &lt;numeric&gt; header </p><p>There are four generalized functions in the &lt;numeric&gt; header
that follow the same conventions as those in &lt;algorithm&gt;. Each that follow the same conventions as those in &lt;algorithm&gt;. Each
of them is overloaded: one signature for common default operations, of them is overloaded: one signature for common default operations,
...@@ -34,7 +26,7 @@ ...@@ -34,7 +26,7 @@
and multiplies all the members of the array; here we must obviously and multiplies all the members of the array; here we must obviously
use 1 as a starting value instead of 0. use 1 as a starting value instead of 0.
</p><p>The other three functions have similar dual-signature forms. </p><p>The other three functions have similar dual-signature forms.
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only include the headers you really need. Many people simply include only include the headers you really need. Many people simply include
&lt;iostream&gt; when they don't need to -- and that can <span class="emphasis"><em>penalize &lt;iostream&gt; when they don't need to -- and that can <span class="emphasis"><em>penalize
your runtime as well.</em></span> Here are some tips on which header to use your runtime as well.</em></span> Here are some tips on which header to use
...@@ -126,4 +118,4 @@ ...@@ -126,4 +118,4 @@
the standard objects in that source file; you'll pay less startup the standard objects in that source file; you'll pay less startup
time. Only include the header files you need to in general; your time. Only include the header files you need to in general; your
compile times will go down when there's less parsing work to do. compile times will go down when there's less parsing work to do.
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See the <a class="link" href="ext_io.html" title="Chapter 28. Input and Output">extensions</a> for using See the <a class="link" href="ext_io.html" title="Chapter 28. Input and Output">extensions</a> for using
<span class="type">FILE</span> and <span class="type">file descriptors</span> with <span class="type">FILE</span> and <span class="type">file descriptors</span> with
<code class="classname">ofstream</code> and <code class="classname">ofstream</code> and
<code class="classname">ifstream</code>. <code class="classname">ifstream</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.io.c.sync"></a>Performance</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.io.c.sync"></a>Performance</h3></div></div></div><p>
Pathetic Performance? Ditch C. Pathetic Performance? Ditch C.
</p><p>It sounds like a flame on C, but it isn't. Really. Calm down. </p><p>It sounds like a flame on C, but it isn't. Really. Calm down.
I'm just saying it to get your attention. I'm just saying it to get your attention.
...@@ -59,7 +51,7 @@ ...@@ -59,7 +51,7 @@
<code class="code">clog</code>, and their wide-character counterchapters). File stream <code class="code">clog</code>, and their wide-character counterchapters). File stream
objects that you declare yourself have no such requirement and are fully objects that you declare yourself have no such requirement and are fully
buffered. buffered.
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Iterators Iterators
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The following The following
FAQ <a class="link" href="../faq.html#faq.iterator_as_pod" title="7.1.">entry</a> points out that FAQ <a class="link" href="../faq.html#faq.iterator_as_pod" title="7.1.">entry</a> points out that
iterators are not implemented as pointers. They are a generalization iterators are not implemented as pointers. They are a generalization
...@@ -52,7 +44,7 @@ classes. ...@@ -52,7 +44,7 @@ classes.
down through inheritance, so while the compiler has to do work down through inheritance, so while the compiler has to do work
looking up all the names, your runtime code does not. (This has looking up all the names, your runtime code does not. (This has
been a prime concern from the beginning.) been a prime concern from the beginning.)
</p></div><div class="section" title="One Past the End"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="iterators.predefined.end"></a>One Past the End</h3></div></div></div><p>This starts off sounding complicated, but is actually very easy, </p></div><div class="section" title="One Past the End"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="iterators.predefined.end"></a>One Past the End</h3></div></div></div><p>This starts off sounding complicated, but is actually very easy,
especially towards the end. Trust me. especially towards the end. Trust me.
</p><p>Beginners usually have a little trouble understand the whole </p><p>Beginners usually have a little trouble understand the whole
'past-the-end' thing, until they remember their early algebra classes 'past-the-end' thing, until they remember their early algebra classes
...@@ -132,7 +124,7 @@ classes. ...@@ -132,7 +124,7 @@ classes.
sequences very simple to recognize: if the two endpoints compare sequences very simple to recognize: if the two endpoints compare
equal, then the {array, sequence, container, whatever} is empty. equal, then the {array, sequence, container, whatever} is empty.
</p><p>Just don't dereference <code class="code">end()</code>. </p><p>Just don't dereference <code class="code">end()</code>.
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</p><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="allocator.mt.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
The mt allocator [hereinafter referred to simply as "the allocator"] The mt allocator [hereinafter referred to simply as "the allocator"]
is a fixed size (power of two) allocator that was initially is a fixed size (power of two) allocator that was initially
developed specifically to suit the needs of multi threaded developed specifically to suit the needs of multi threaded
...@@ -32,4 +20,4 @@ ...@@ -32,4 +20,4 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
The aim of this document is to describe - from an application point of The aim of this document is to describe - from an application point of
view - the "inner workings" of the allocator. view - the "inner workings" of the allocator.
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</p><div class="section" title="complex Processing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="numerics.complex.processing"></a>complex Processing</h3></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="complex Processing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="numerics.complex.processing"></a>complex Processing</h3></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>Using <code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> becomes even more comple- er, sorry, </p><p>Using <code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> becomes even more comple- er, sorry,
<span class="emphasis"><em>complicated</em></span>, with the not-quite-gratuitously-incompatible <span class="emphasis"><em>complicated</em></span>, with the not-quite-gratuitously-incompatible
addition of complex types to the C language. David Tribble has addition of complex types to the C language. David Tribble has
...@@ -36,7 +28,7 @@ ...@@ -36,7 +28,7 @@
<code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> includes both <code class="code">&lt;complex&gt;</code> <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> includes both <code class="code">&lt;complex&gt;</code>
and the C99 <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> (if the C library provides and the C99 <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> (if the C library provides
it). it).
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is that it is defined to be free of pointer aliasing, an assumption is that it is defined to be free of pointer aliasing, an assumption
that C89 is not allowed to make, and neither is C++98. C99 adds a new that C89 is not allowed to make, and neither is C++98. C99 adds a new
keyword, <code class="code">restrict</code>, to apply to individual pointers. The keyword, <code class="code">restrict</code>, to apply to individual pointers. The
...@@ -26,7 +18,7 @@ ...@@ -26,7 +18,7 @@
speaking this is only one of the five template classes, and they are speaking this is only one of the five template classes, and they are
designed to be familiar to people who have worked with the BLAS designed to be familiar to people who have worked with the BLAS
libraries before. libraries before.
</p></div><div class="section" title="C99"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="numerics.c.c99"></a>C99</h3></div></div></div><p>In addition to the other topics on this page, we'll note here some </p></div><div class="section" title="C99"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="numerics.c.c99"></a>C99</h3></div></div></div><p>In addition to the other topics on this page, we'll note here some
of the C99 features that appear in libstdc++. of the C99 features that appear in libstdc++.
</p><p>The C99 features depend on the <code class="code">--enable-c99</code> configure flag. </p><p>The C99 features depend on the <code class="code">--enable-c99</code> configure flag.
This flag is already on by default, but it can be disabled by the This flag is already on by default, but it can be disabled by the
...@@ -39,7 +31,7 @@ ...@@ -39,7 +31,7 @@
are supported, as is the <code class="code">lldiv_t</code> typedef. Also supported are supported, as is the <code class="code">lldiv_t</code> typedef. Also supported
are the wide character functions using 'long long', like are the wide character functions using 'long long', like
<code class="code">wcstoll</code>. <code class="code">wcstoll</code>.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="numerics.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="io.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Generalized Operations </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 13.  </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="numerics.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="io.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Generalized Operations </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 13. 
Input and Output Input and Output
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carry around a pair of objects. One is of type T1, and another of carry around a pair of objects. One is of type T1, and another of
type T2; they may be the same type, but you don't get anything type T2; they may be the same type, but you don't get anything
extra if they are. The two members can be accessed directly, as extra if they are. The two members can be accessed directly, as
...@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@ ...@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@
instance of a pair instantiated on their respective types: instance of a pair instantiated on their respective types:
</p><pre class="programlisting"> </p><pre class="programlisting">
pair&lt;int,MyClass&gt; p = make_pair(4,myobject); pair&lt;int,MyClass&gt; p = make_pair(4,myobject);
</pre></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="utilities.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="utilities.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="memory.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 6.  </pre></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="utilities.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="utilities.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="memory.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 6. 
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policy
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Written by Ami Tavory and Vladimir Dreizin (IBM Haifa Research Written by Ami Tavory and Vladimir Dreizin (IBM Haifa Research
Laboratories), and Benjamin Kosnik (Red Hat). Laboratories), and Benjamin Kosnik (Red Hat).
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -54,4 +26,4 @@ ...@@ -54,4 +26,4 @@
attributing to him any flaws in the design or implementation of the attributing to him any flaws in the design or implementation of the
library). library).
</p><p>We would like to thank Matt Austern for the suggestion to </p><p>We would like to thank Matt Austern for the suggestion to
include tries.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="policy_data_structures.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_containers.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Testing </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</td></tr></table></div></body></html> include tries.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="policy_data_structures.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_containers.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Testing </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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and properly built binaries useful for linking to other software is and properly built binaries useful for linking to other software is
a multi-step process. Steps include getting the sources, a multi-step process. Steps include getting the sources,
configuring and building the sources, testing, and installation. configuring and building the sources, testing, and installation.
...@@ -27,7 +19,7 @@ ...@@ -27,7 +19,7 @@
make install make install
</pre><p> </pre><p>
Each step is described in more detail in the following sections. Each step is described in more detail in the following sections.
</p><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="manual.intro.setup.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h2></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.setup.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h2></div></div></div><p>
Because libstdc++ is part of GCC, the primary source for Because libstdc++ is part of GCC, the primary source for
installation instructions is installation instructions is
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/" target="_top">the GCC install page</a>. <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/" target="_top">the GCC install page</a>.
...@@ -98,4 +90,4 @@ zh_TW BIG5 ...@@ -98,4 +90,4 @@ zh_TW BIG5
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>install all locales</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>install just the necessary locales</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="circle"><li class="listitem"><p>with Debian GNU/Linux:</p><p> Add the above list, as shown, to the file </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>install all locales</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>install just the necessary locales</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="circle"><li class="listitem"><p>with Debian GNU/Linux:</p><p> Add the above list, as shown, to the file
<code class="code">/etc/locale.gen</code> </p><p> run <code class="code">/usr/sbin/locale-gen</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>on most Unix-like operating systems:</p><p><code class="code"> localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE </code></p><p>(repeat for each entry in the above list) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> <code class="code">/etc/locale.gen</code> </p><p> run <code class="code">/usr/sbin/locale-gen</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>on most Unix-like operating systems:</p><p><code class="code"> localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE </code></p><p>(repeat for each entry in the above list) </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Instructions for other operating systems solicited. Instructions for other operating systems solicited.
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</p><p>Creating your own stream buffers for I/O can be remarkably easy. </p><p>Creating your own stream buffers for I/O can be remarkably easy.
If you are interested in doing so, we highly recommend two very If you are interested in doing so, we highly recommend two very
excellent books: excellent books:
...@@ -65,7 +57,7 @@ ...@@ -65,7 +57,7 @@
<code class="code">include/ext/*_filebuf.h</code>, and in this article by James Kanze: <code class="code">include/ext/*_filebuf.h</code>, and in this article by James Kanze:
<a class="link" href="http://kanze.james.neuf.fr/articles/fltrsbf1.html" target="_top">Filtering <a class="link" href="http://kanze.james.neuf.fr/articles/fltrsbf1.html" target="_top">Filtering
Streambufs</a>. Streambufs</a>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Buffering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="io.streambuf.buffering"></a>Buffering</h3></div></div></div><p>First, are you sure that you understand buffering? Particularly </p></div><div class="section" title="Buffering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="io.streambuf.buffering"></a>Buffering</h3></div></div></div><p>First, are you sure that you understand buffering? Particularly
the fact that C++ may not, in fact, have anything to do with it? the fact that C++ may not, in fact, have anything to do with it?
</p><p>The rules for buffering can be a little odd, but they aren't any </p><p>The rules for buffering can be a little odd, but they aren't any
different from those of C. (Maybe that's why they can be a bit different from those of C. (Maybe that's why they can be a bit
...@@ -139,7 +131,7 @@ ...@@ -139,7 +131,7 @@
just those at the language/library level. Kernel buffers, disk just those at the language/library level. Kernel buffers, disk
buffers, and the like will also have an effect. Inspecting and buffers, and the like will also have an effect. Inspecting and
changing those are system-dependent. changing those are system-dependent.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="io.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="io.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="stringstreams.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 13.  </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="io.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="io.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="stringstreams.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 13. 
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</p><p>Stringstreams (defined in the header <code class="code">&lt;sstream&gt;</code>) </p><p>Stringstreams (defined in the header <code class="code">&lt;sstream&gt;</code>)
are in this author's opinion one of the coolest things since are in this author's opinion one of the coolest things since
sliced time. An example of their use is in the Received Wisdom sliced time. An example of their use is in the Received Wisdom
...@@ -42,4 +34,4 @@ ...@@ -42,4 +34,4 @@
memory yourself. The strstreams have been officially deprecated, memory yourself. The strstreams have been officially deprecated,
which means that 1) future revisions of the C++ Standard won't which means that 1) future revisions of the C++ Standard won't
support them, and 2) if you use them, people will laugh at you. support them, and 2) if you use them, people will laugh at you.
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Support Support
<a class="indexterm" name="id607999"></a> <a id="id582070" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> </h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
This part deals with the functions called and objects created This part deals with the functions called and objects created
automatically during the course of a program's existence. automatically during the course of a program's existence.
</p><p> </p><p>
...@@ -24,7 +16,7 @@ ...@@ -24,7 +16,7 @@
need to get your own copy from your nation's member body; see our need to get your own copy from your nation's member body; see our
homepage for help), we can mention a couple of changes in what homepage for help), we can mention a couple of changes in what
kind of support a C++ program gets from the Standard Library. kind of support a C++ program gets from the Standard Library.
</p><div class="section" title="Types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="std.support.types"></a>Types</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Fundamental Types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.support.types.fundamental"></a>Fundamental Types</h3></div></div></div><p> </p><div class="section" title="Types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.support.types"></a>Types</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Fundamental Types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.support.types.fundamental"></a>Fundamental Types</h3></div></div></div><p>
C++ has the following builtin types: C++ has the following builtin types:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
char char
...@@ -61,7 +53,7 @@ ...@@ -61,7 +53,7 @@
</p><p> </p><p>
Specializing parts of the library on these types is prohibited: Specializing parts of the library on these types is prohibited:
instead, use a POD. instead, use a POD.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Numeric Properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.support.types.numeric_limits"></a>Numeric Properties</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Numeric Properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.support.types.numeric_limits"></a>Numeric Properties</h3></div></div></div><p>
The header <code class="filename">limits</code> defines The header <code class="filename">limits</code> defines
traits classes to give access to various implementation traits classes to give access to various implementation
defined-aspects of the fundamental types. The traits classes -- defined-aspects of the fundamental types. The traits classes --
...@@ -107,7 +99,7 @@ ...@@ -107,7 +99,7 @@
static const bool tinyness_before; static const bool tinyness_before;
static const float_round_style round_style; static const float_round_style round_style;
}; };
</pre></div><div class="section" title="NULL"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="std.support.types.null"></a>NULL</h3></div></div></div><p> </pre></div><div class="section" title="NULL"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.support.types.null"></a>NULL</h3></div></div></div><p>
The only change that might affect people is the type of The only change that might affect people is the type of
<code class="constant">NULL</code>: while it is required to be a macro, <code class="constant">NULL</code>: while it is required to be a macro,
the definition of that macro is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> allowed the definition of that macro is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> allowed
...@@ -133,6 +125,6 @@ ...@@ -133,6 +125,6 @@
</p><p>See </p><p>See
<a class="link" href="http://www.awprofessional.com/titles/0-201-31015-5/" target="_top">the <a class="link" href="http://www.awprofessional.com/titles/0-201-31015-5/" target="_top">the
Effective C++ CD example</a> Effective C++ CD example</a>
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"><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"><link rel="up" href="support.html" title="Chapter 4.  Support"><link rel="prev" href="dynamic_memory.html" title="Dynamic Memory"><link rel="next" href="diagnostics.html" title="Chapter 5.  Diagnostics"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Termination</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dynamic_memory.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 4. 
Support Support
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section" title="Termination"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="std.support.termination"></a>Termination</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Termination Handlers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="support.termination.handlers"></a>Termination Handlers</h3></div></div></div><p> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Termination"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.support.termination"></a>Termination</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Termination Handlers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="support.termination.handlers"></a>Termination Handlers</h3></div></div></div><p>
Not many changes here to <code class="filename">cstdlib</code>. You should note that the Not many changes here to <code class="filename">cstdlib</code>. You should note that the
<code class="function">abort()</code> function does not call the <code class="function">abort()</code> function does not call the
destructors of automatic nor static objects, so if you're destructors of automatic nor static objects, so if you're
...@@ -53,7 +45,7 @@ ...@@ -53,7 +45,7 @@
functions, and the compiler/library might already be using some of functions, and the compiler/library might already be using some of
those slots. If you think you may run out, we recommend using those slots. If you think you may run out, we recommend using
the <code class="function">xatexit</code>/<code class="function">xexit</code> combination from <code class="literal">libiberty</code>, which has no such limit. the <code class="function">xatexit</code>/<code class="function">xexit</code> combination from <code class="literal">libiberty</code>, which has no such limit.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Verbose Terminate Handler"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="support.termination.verbose"></a>Verbose Terminate Handler</h3></div></div></div><p> </p></div><div class="section" title="Verbose Terminate Handler"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="support.termination.verbose"></a>Verbose Terminate Handler</h3></div></div></div><p>
If you are having difficulty with uncaught exceptions and want a If you are having difficulty with uncaught exceptions and want a
little bit of help debugging the causes of the core dumps, you can little bit of help debugging the causes of the core dumps, you can
make use of a GNU extension, the verbose terminate handler. make use of a GNU extension, the verbose terminate handler.
...@@ -126,7 +118,7 @@ int main(int argc) ...@@ -126,7 +118,7 @@ int main(int argc)
inappropriate location, inappropriate location,
<code class="function">__verbose_terminate_handler</code> will behave in <code class="function">__verbose_terminate_handler</code> will behave in
an unspecified manner. an unspecified manner.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dynamic_memory.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="support.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Dynamic Memory </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5.  </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dynamic_memory.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="support.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Dynamic Memory </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5. 
Diagnostics Diagnostics
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