For some patches, it is not possible to derive the old and new file
paths from the patch header's first line, most importantly when they
contain spaces. In such a case, we derive both paths from the "---" and
"+++" lines, which allow for non-ambiguous parsing. We fail to use these
paths when parsing binary patches without data, though, as we always
expect the header paths to be filled in.

Fix this by using the "---"/"+++" paths by default and only fall back to
header paths if they aren't set. If neither of those paths are set, we
just return an error. Add two tests to verify this behaviour, one of
which would have previously caused a segfault.