Update internal usage to use the `git_reference` names for constants.

Update the reference type names from an abbreviation (`git_ref`) to use
the fullname (`git_reference`).  This ensures that we are consistent
with our naming for reference types and functions throughout the
library.

The previous names are now marked as deprecated.

Convert tests/resources/push.sh to LF endings

This changes that file to use UNIX line-endings, which makes sense since
this is a UNIXy file.

Get rid of some test files that were accidentally committed

Fix crash on remote connection when GIT_PROXY_AUTO is set but no proxy is detected

Make ENABLE_WERROR actually work

Remove unconditional -Wno-deprecated-declaration on macOS

After taking into consideration the following, I think this should be
removed :

- OpenSSL isn't the default on Apple platforms
- you have to jump through hoops to get CMake to use OpenSSL on macOS
(headers aren't in `/usr/include`, so you have to provide `-DOPENSSL_*`
overrides)
- users are likely (as getting anywhere near the installed 0.9.8 version
is insanity IMHO) to package a "modern" version, which wouldn't be
marked as deprecated

This change explicitly adds -Werror to the CFLAGS.

Due to the way that the ADD_C_FLAG_IF_SUPPORTED() macro was mangling the
flag name to convert it into a define name, any warning that had a dash
in its name was not being correctly enabled. Additionally, any flag that
is enabled implicitly by the compiler (like -Wunused-result and
-Wdeprecated-declarations) would not cause an error unless they were
explicitly enabled with the ENABLE_WARNINGS() macro.

Fix warning 'function': incompatible types - from 'git_cvar_value *' to 'int *' (C4133) on VS

Fix Linux warnings

This change fixes -Wmaybe-uninitialized and -Wdeprecated-declarations
warnings on Linux builds

Coverity fixes

Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>

Coverity considers that anything that looks like assert() behaves like
it (ie. side-effects would be skipped on a NDEBUG build). As we have a
bunch of those in the test suite (128), this would ensure Coverity isn't
confused.

CID 1398597, 1398598

CID 1382962

CID 1386176, 1386177, 1388219

Previously, an error in `git_config_next` would be mistaken as a
successful load, because the previous call would have succeeded.
Coverity saw the subsequent check for a completed iteration as dead, so
let's make it useful again.

CID 1391374

CID 1395011

Shutdown callback count

Update CRLF filtering to match modern git

We currently have an explicit callchain of all the initialization
callbacks in our `init_common` function. This is perfectly fine, but
requires us to manually keep track of how many shutdown callbacks there
may be installed: to avoid allocations before libgit2 is fully
initialized, we assume that every initializer may register at most one
shutdown function. These shutdown functions are stored in a static array
of size `MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB`, which then needs to be updated manually
whenever a new initializer function is being added.

The situation can be easily fixed: convert the callchain of init
functions into an array and iterate over it to initialize all
subsystems. This allows us to define the `git__shutdown_callbacks` array
with the same size as the initializer array and rids us of the need to
always update `MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB`.

The `git_hash_global_init` function is simply defined as a macro to zero
for most of the different hash implementations. This makes it impossible
to treat it like a function pointer, which is required for a later
commit where we want to improve the way global initialization works.
Fix the issue by converting all no-op macros to an inline function
returning zero.

There's a small gotcha here, though: as most hash implementations only
have a header file, but not a corresponding implementation file, we
cannot declare the function as non-static. But declaring it as `static
inline` fails, too, as there is a previous declaration as non-static. So
we have to move the function declaration after the include that brings
in the function definition, as it is allowed to have a non-static
declaration after a static definition, but not the other way round.

Wrap function calls in the `checkout::crlf` tests with `cl_git_pass`,
`cl_assert`, etc. to ensure that they're successful.

refdb_fs: refactor error handling in `refdb_reflog_fs__delete`

The function `refdb_reflog_fs__delete` uses the `if (!error && foobar())`
pattern of checking, where error conditions are being checked by following calls
to different code. This does not match our current style, where the call-site of
a function is usually directly responsible for checking the return value.

Convert the function to use `if ((error = foobar()) < 0) goto out;` style. Note
that this changes the code flow a bit: previously, we were always trying to
delete empty reference hierarchies even if deleting the reflog entry has failed.
This wasn't much of a problem -- if deletion failed, the hierarchy will still
contain at least one file and thus the function call was an expensive no-op.
Now, we will only perform this deletion if we have successfully removed the
reflog.

Remove empty (sub-)directories when deleting refs

Support creating annotated commits from annotated tags

We want to allow the creation of annotated commits out of annotated tags and for
that we have to peel the reference all the way to the commit instead of stopping
at the first id it provides.

We have no need to take a non-const reference. This does involve some other work
to make sure we don't mix const and non-const variables, but by splitting what
we want each variable to do we can also simplify the logic for when we do want
to free a new reference we might have allocated.

Fix segfault in loose_backend__readstream

make proxy_stream_close close target stream even on errors

When git_filter_apply_fn callback returns a error while smudging proxy_stream_close
ends up returning without closing the stream. This is turn makes blob_content_to_file
crash as it asserts the stream being closed whether there are errors or not.

Closing the target stream on error fixes this problem.