license clarification + formatting all over

fixed typo `can can` -> `can`

added the second change suggested by @nulltoken (with two extra words :) )

There are commercial open source applications, hence proprietary seems to be a better term.

Also:
 - Trimmed header `=`'s to match text length
 - made libgit2 stand out everywhere
 - pretty printing links
 - irc link for those with the correct setup

Checkout merge

It seemed exceptionally silly to have a split there
where no split needed to be.

Move conflict handling into two steps: load the conflicts and
then apply the conflicts.  This is more compatible with the
existing checkout implementation and makes progress reporting
more sane.

If a D/F conflict or rename 2->1 conflict occurs,
we write the file sides as filename~branchname.  If
a file with that name already exists in the working
directory, write as filename~branchname_0 instead.
(Incrementing 0 until a unique filename is found.)

rename conflict tests for checkout conflicts, don't suffix filenames
when checking out with USE_OURS or USE_THEIRS

Prevent checkout tree when unresolved changes exist (unless FORCE flag
is specified).  Clear NAME table when checking out, to avoid
checkout_conflicts from attempting to manipulate it.  Ensure that NAME
is also cleared at reset.

Provide the user with a more useful error code when a looking up a reference which name points to a namepace

This lets the reference code return not-found when the user asks to
look up a reference when in fact they pass a namespace.

Fix a typo in the rpm build instructions.

The iconv init was accidentally clearing the default error state
during reference normalization. This resets so that normalization
errors will be detected correctly.

Add support for core.precomposeunicode on Mac

Before these changes, looking up a reference would return the
same precomposed or decomposed form of the reference name that
was used to look it up, so on MacOS which ignores the difference
between the two, a single reference could be looked up either way
and git_reference_name would return the form of the name that was
used to look it up!  This change makes lookup always return the
precomposed name if core.precomposeunicode is set regardless of
which version was used to look it up.  The reference iterator was
already returning the precomposed form from earlier work.

This also updates the CMakeLists.txt rules for enabling iconv
usage because the clar tests for this code were actually not being
activated properly with the old version.

Finally, this moves git_repository_reset_filesystem from include/
git2/repository.h to include/git2/sys/repository.h since it is not
really a function that normal library users should have to think
about very often.

WinHTTP: set Accept header for POSTs

A couple of tests were actually dealing incorrectly with case
sensitivity issues on Linux because they were relying on having
core.ignorecase set to true.  Now that the fixture initialization
sets the case sensitivity to be accurate for the platform, it
exposed bugs in these tests.

This cleans up some additional issues.  The main change is that
on a filesystem that doesn't support mode bits, libgit2 will now
create new blobs with GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB always instead of being
at the mercy to the filesystem driver to report executable or not.
This means that if "core.filemode" lies and claims that filemode
is not supported, then we will ignore the executable bit from the
filesystem.  Previously we would have allowed it.

This adds an option to the new git_repository_reset_filesystem to
recurse through submodules if desired.  There may be other types
of APIs that would like a "recurse submodules" option, but this
one is particularly useful.

This also has a number of cleanups, etc., for related things
including trying to give better error messages when problems come
up from the filesystem.  For example, the FAT filesystem driver on
MacOS appears to return errno EINVAL if you attempt to write a
filename with invalid UTF-8 in it.  We try to capture that with a
better error message now.

tree: allow retrieval of raw attributes

When a tool needs to recreate the tree object (for example an
interface to another VCS), it needs to use the raw attributes,
forgoing any normalization.

Multiple init

When a repository is transferred from one file system to another,
many of the config settings that represent the properties of the
file system may be wrong.  This adds a new public API that will
refresh the config settings of the repository to account for the
change of file system.  This doesn't do a full "reinitialize" and
operates on a existing git_repository object refreshing the config
when done.

This commit then makes use of the new API in clar as each test
repository is set up.

This commit also has a number of other clar test fixes where we
were making assumptions about the type of filesystem, either based
on outdated config data or based on the OS instead of the FS.

Make git_index_read() cope with external additions and removals of the index file