For better compatibility with git command which returns the oldest
log entry with a warning message.

cmake: cleanups and consistency

Ensure that we always use lowercase function names, and that we do not
have spaces preceding open parentheses, for consistency.

The `STDCALL` option was removed; remove the (unreachable) error
message.

There's no need to make tracing opt-in; it should always be included.

macOS may support ENABLE_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILDS, allow users to opt-in to
it. (Especially since ENABLE_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILDS is not the default.)

Nobody knows what CLAR is.  The test building option should be
`BUILD_TESTS`.

`git_buf`: now a public-only API (`git_str` is our internal API)

libgit2 has two distinct requirements that were previously solved by
`git_buf`.  We require:

1. A general purpose string class that provides a number of utility APIs
   for manipulating data (eg, concatenating, truncating, etc).
2. A structure that we can use to return strings to callers that they
   can take ownership of.

By using a single class (`git_buf`) for both of these purposes, we have
confused the API to the point that refactorings are difficult and
reasoning about correctness is also difficult.

Move the utility class `git_buf` to be called `git_str`: this represents
its general purpose, as an internal string buffer class.  The name also
is an homage to Junio Hamano ("gitstr").

The public API remains `git_buf`, and has a much smaller footprint.  It
is generally only used as an "out" param with strict requirements that
follow the documentation.  (Exceptions exist for some legacy APIs to
avoid breaking callers unnecessarily.)

Utility functions exist to convert a user-specified `git_buf` to a
`git_str` so that we can call internal functions, then converting it
back again.

We have been inconsistent about the way that we handle `git_buf`s
provided by users.  _Usually_ we require that it has been properly
initialized with `GIT_BUF_INIT`, but _sometimes_ we simply overwrite
the data in it regardless.  And even more rarely, we will grow a
user-provided buffer and concatenate data onto it (see
`git_diff_format_email`).

Document the path forward for `git_buf`, which is that we always
require that the buffer is intitialized with `GIT_BUF_INIT`.

`git_diff_format_email` will be kept backward compatible but users
are encouraged to switch to the new `git_email` APIs.

hash: separate hashes and git_oid

git's default rename limit is 1000, ours should match.

In `git_futils_readbuffer_updated`, always take a particular hash
instead of a `git_oid`.  This lets us change the checksum algorithm
independently of `git_oid` usage.

Separate the concerns of the hash functions from the git_oid functions.
The git_oid structure will need to understand either SHA1 or SHA256; the
hash functions should only deal with the appropriate one of these.

examples: Free the git_config and git_config_entry after use

oidarray: introduce `git_oidarray_dispose`

buf: common_prefix takes a string array

`git_strarray` is a public-facing type.  Change
`git_buf_text_common_prefix` to not use it, and just take an array of
strings instead.

Since users are disposing the _contents_ of the oidarray, not freeing
the oidarray itself, the proper cleanup function is
`git_oidarray_dispose`.  Deprecate `git_oidarray_free`.

The `repo` argument is now unnecessary.  Remove it.

When looking up attributes for a file, we construct an absolute path
to the queried file within the working directory so that we can accept
both absolute paths and working directory relative paths.  We then trim
the leading working directory path to give us an in-repo path.

Since we only want the in-repo path to look up attributes - and not to
read it from disk - we don't need to validate its length.

Attribute lookups are done on paths relative to the repository.  Fail if
erroneously presented with an absolute path.

Always pass a working-directory relative path to attribute lookups
during checkout.

Resolve absolute paths to be working directory relative when looking up
attributes.  Importantly, now we will _never_ pass an absolute path down
to attribute lookup functions.

When `git_repository_hashfile` is handed an absolute path, it determines
whether the path is within the repository's working directory or not.
This is necessary when there is no `as_path` specified.

If the path is within the working directory, then the given path should
be used for attribute lookups (it is the effective `as_path`).  If it is
not within the working directory, then it is _not_ eligible.

Importantly, now we will _never_ pass an absolute path down to attribute
lookup functions.

Make p_getcwd match the rest of our win32 path handling semantics.

(This is currently only used in tests, which is why this disparity went
unnoticed.)