Added a GIT_OID_MINPREFIXLEN constant to define the minimum length allowed for oid prefixes (set to 4, like in git). Consequently updated some object lookup methods and their documentation.

Implemented find_unique_short_oid for pack backend, based on git sha1 lookup method;
finding an object given its full oid is just a particular case of searching
the unique object matching an oid prefix (short oid).

Added git_odb_read_unique_short_oid, which iterates over all the backends to
find and read the unique object matching the given oid prefix.

Added a git_object_lookup_short_oid method to find the unique object in
the repository matching a given oid prefix : it generalizes git_object_lookup
which now does nothing but calls git_object_lookup_short_oid.

Hey. Apologies in advance -- I broke your bindings.

This is a major commit that includes a long-overdue redesign of the
whole object-database structure. This is expected to be the last major
external API redesign of the library until the first non-alpha release.

Please get your bindings up to date with these changes. They will be
included in the next minor release. Sorry again!

Major features include:

	- Real caching and refcounting on parsed objects
	- Real caching and refcounting on objects read from the ODB
	- Streaming writes & reads from the ODB
	- Single-method writes for all object types
	- The external API is now partially thread-safe

The speed increases are significant in all aspects, specially when
reading an object several times from the ODB (revwalking) and when
writing big objects to the ODB.

Here's a full changelog for the external API:

blob.h
------

	- Remove `git_blob_new`
	- Remove `git_blob_set_rawcontent`
	- Remove `git_blob_set_rawcontent_fromfile`
	- Rename `git_blob_writefile` -> `git_blob_create_fromfile`
	- Change `git_blob_create_fromfile`:
		The `path` argument is now relative to the repository's working dir
	- Add `git_blob_create_frombuffer`

commit.h
--------

	- Remove `git_commit_new`
	- Remove `git_commit_add_parent`
	- Remove `git_commit_set_message`
	- Remove `git_commit_set_committer`
	- Remove `git_commit_set_author`
	- Remove `git_commit_set_tree`

	- Add `git_commit_create`
	- Add `git_commit_create_v`
	- Add `git_commit_create_o`
	- Add `git_commit_create_ov`

tag.h
-----

	- Remove `git_tag_new`
	- Remove `git_tag_set_target`
	- Remove `git_tag_set_name`
	- Remove `git_tag_set_tagger`
	- Remove `git_tag_set_message`

	- Add `git_tag_create`
	- Add `git_tag_create_o`

tree.h
------

	- Change `git_tree_entry_2object`:
		New signature is `(git_object **object_out, git_repository *repo, git_tree_entry *entry)`

	- Remove `git_tree_new`
	- Remove `git_tree_add_entry`
	- Remove `git_tree_remove_entry_byindex`
	- Remove `git_tree_remove_entry_byname`
	- Remove `git_tree_clearentries`
	- Remove `git_tree_entry_set_id`
	- Remove `git_tree_entry_set_name`
	- Remove `git_tree_entry_set_attributes`

object.h
------------

	- Remove `git_object_new
	- Remove `git_object_write`

	- Change `git_object_close`:
		This method is now *mandatory*. Not closing an object causes a
		memory leak.

odb.h
-----

	- Remove type `git_rawobj`
	- Remove `git_rawobj_close`
	- Rename `git_rawobj_hash` -> `git_odb_hash`
	- Change `git_odb_hash`:
		New signature is `(git_oid *id, const void *data, size_t len, git_otype type)`

	- Add type `git_odb_object`
	- Add `git_odb_object_close`

	- Change `git_odb_read`:
		New signature is `(git_odb_object **out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id)`
	- Change `git_odb_read_header`:
		New signature is `(size_t *len_p, git_otype *type_p, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id)`
	- Remove `git_odb_write`
	- Add `git_odb_open_wstream`
	- Add `git_odb_open_rstream`

odb_backend.h
-------------

	- Change type `git_odb_backend`:
		New internal signatures are as follows

			int (* read)(void **, size_t *, git_otype *, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *)
			int (* read_header)(size_t *, git_otype *, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *)
			int (* writestream)(struct git_odb_stream **, struct git_odb_backend *, size_t, git_otype)
			int (* readstream)( struct git_odb_stream **, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *)

	- Add type `git_odb_stream`
	- Add enum `git_odb_streammode`

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

It's no longer retarded. All object interdependencies are stored as OIDs
instead of actual objects. This should be hundreds of times faster,
specially on big repositories. Heck, who knows, maye it doesn't even
segfault -- wouldn't that be awesome?

What has changed on the API?

	`git_commit_parent`, `git_commit_tree`, `git_tag_target` now return
	their values through a pointer-to-pointer, and have an error code.

	`git_commit_set_tree` and `git_tag_set_target` now return an error
	code and may fail.

	`git_repository_free__no_gc` has been deprecated because it's
	stupid. Since there are no longer any interdependencies between
	objects, we don't need internal reference counting, and GC
	never fails or double-free's pointers.

	`git_object_close` now does a very sane thing: marks an object
	as unused. Closed objects will be eventually free'd from the
	object cache based on LRU. Please use `git_object_close` from
	the garbage collector `destroy` method on your bindings. It's
	100% safe.

	`git_repository_gc` is a new method that forces a garbage collector
	pass through the repo, to free as many LRU objects as possible.
	This is useful if we are running out of memory.

Disable garbage collection of cross-references to prevent
double-freeing. Internal reference management is now done
with a separate method.

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

- Added several missing reference increases
- Add new destructor to the repository that does not GC the objects

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

All `git_object` instances looked up from the repository are reference
counted. User is expected to use the new `git_object_close` when an
object is no longer needed to force freeing it.

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

The methods previously known as

	git_repository_lookup
	git_repository_newobject
	git_repository_lookup_ref

are now part of their respective namespaces:

	git_object_lookup
	git_object_new
	git_reference_lookup

This makes the API more consistent with the new references API.

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>

All the relevant git_object methods have been moved to object.c

Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>