common.h: use inline when compiling for C99 and later

Support reading attributes from a specific commit

len, array -> array, len

This change introduces a new API function
`git_graph_reachable_from_any()`, that answers the question whether a
commit is reachable from any of the provided commits through following
parent edges.

This function can take advantage of optimizations provided by the
existence of a `commit-graph` file, since it makes it faster to know
whether, given two commits X and Y, X cannot possibly be an reachable
from Y.

Part of: #5757

commit-graph: Introduce `git_commit_list_generation_cmp`

This change makes calculations of merge-bases a bit faster when there
are complex graphs and the commit times cause visiting nodes multiple
times. This is done by visiting the nodes in the graph in reverse
generation order when the generation number is available instead of
commit timestamp. If the generation number is missing in any pair of
commits, it can safely fall back to the old heuristic with no negative
side-effects.

Part of: #5757

commit-graph: Use the commit-graph in revwalks

[Submodule] Git submodule dup

Provide a mechanism to filter using attribute data from a specific
commit (making use of `GIT_ATTR_CHECK_INCLUDE_COMMIT`).

Introduce `GIT_ATTR_CHECK_INCLUDE_COMMIT`, which like 4fd5748c allows
attribute information to be read from files in the repository.  4fd5748c
always reads the information from HEAD, while
`GIT_ATTR_CHECK_INCLUDE_COMMIT` allows users to provide the commit to
read the attributes from.

When looking up an attribute file in a commit, we can cache a
nonexistent attribute file indefinitely (since a commit could not
somehow later contain an attribute file).  Cache an empty buffer when an
attribute file does not exist in a given commit.

Allow filter users to provide an options structure instead of simply
flags.  This allows for future growth for filter options.

Filters use a short-lived structure to keep state during an operation to
allow for caching and avoid unnecessary reallocations.  This was
previously called the "filter options", despite the fact that they
contain no configurable options.  Rename them to a "filter session" in
keeping with an "attribute session", which more accurately describes
their use (and allows us to create "filter options" in the future).

Allow more advanced attribute queries using a `git_attr_options`, and
extended functions to use it.  Presently there is no additional
configuration in a `git_attr_options` beyond the flags, but this is for
future growth.

The attribute source object is now the type and the path.

We may want to extend the attribute source; use a structure instead of
an enum.

The enum `git_attr_file_source` is better suffixed with a `_t` since
it's a type-of source.  Similarly, its members should have a matching
name.

Optional stricter allocation checking (for `malloc(0)` cases)

Co-authored-by: lhchavez <lhchavez@lhchavez.com>

Add `GIT_DEBUG_STRICT_ALLOC` to help identify problematic callers of
allocation code that pass a `0` size to the allocators and then expect a
non-`NULL` return.

When given a 0-size allocation, `malloc` _may_ return either a `NULL`
_or_ a pointer that is not writeable.  Most systems return a non-`NULL`
pointer; AIX is an outlier.  We should be able to cope with this AIXy
behavior, so this adds an option to emulate it.

This refactors this to a wrapper function, as well as changing the
existing API have a va_list and ... version.

stdintification: use int64_t and INT64_C instead of long long

git__timer: Allow compilation on systems without CLOCK_MONOTONIC

For 32-bit int: There's no real reason for that ifdef if we explicitly
specify the stdint.h type.

For 64-bit int: ope, I made it signed accidentally

Makes usage of CLOCK_MONOTONIC conditional and makes functions that uses
git__timer handle clock resynchronization.

Call gettimeofday with tzp set to NULL as required by
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/gettimeofday.html

Make `FIND_PACKAGE(PythonInterp)` prefer `python3`

fix check for ignoring of negate rules

Fix wrong time_t used in function

config: fix included configs not refreshed more than once