`git_cert_x509` has the raw encoded certificate. Let's do the same for
the SSH certificate for symmetry.

This change adds support for reading multi-pack-index files from the
packfile odb backend. This also makes git_pack_file objects open their
backing failes lazily in more scenarios, since the multi-pack-index can
avoid having to open them in some cases (yay!).

This change also refreshes the documentation found in src/odb_pack.c to
match the updated code.

Part of: #5399

Introduce GIT_ASSERT macros