Refresh git configuration before looking for the tracking branch redux.

ssl: dump the SSL ciphers in favour of TLS

All versions of SSL are considered deprecated now, so let's ask OpenSSl
to only use TLSv1. We still ask it to load those ciphers for
compatibility with servers which want to use an older hello but will use
TLS for encryption.

For good measure we also disable compression, which can be exploitable,
if the OpenSSL version supports it.

describe: add example

Remote paths: canonicalize UNC paths on Win32

Git for Windows will handle UNC paths only when in forward-slash
format, eg "//server/path".  When given a UNC path as a remote,
rewrite standard format ("\\server\path") into this ridiculous
format.

tree-cache: correct the entry_count calculation

The entry_count field is the amount of index entries covered by a
particular cache entry, that is how many files are there (recursively)
under a particular directory.

The current code that attemps to do this is severely defincient and is
trying to count the amount of children, which always comes up to zero.

We don't even need to recount, since we have the information during the
cache creation. We can take that number and keep it, as we only ever
invalidate or replace.

Handle describe options better

Mount points

Apply filters when writing index

There is no "z" size specifier on MSVC

FindFirstFile will fail with INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE if there are no
children to the given path, which can happen if the given path is a
file (and obviously has no children) or if the given path is an empty
mount point.  (Most directories have at least directory entries '.'
and '..', but ridiculously another volume mounted in another drive
letter's path space do not, and thus have nothing to enumerate.)

If FindFirstFile fails, check if this is a directory-like thing
(a mount point).

A reparse point that is an IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT could be
a junction or an actual filesystem mount point.  (Who knew?)
If it's the latter, its reparse point will report the actual
volume information \??\Volume{GUID}\ and we should not attempt
to dereference that further, instead readlink should report
EINVAL since it's not a symlink / junction and its original
path was canonical.

Yes, really.

See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6655410/why-doesnt-zd-printf-format-work-in-vs2010

Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>

Minor cleanups for master

If there is a failure then cl_git_pass tries to get the libgit2
error, but p_... functions don't set that.

Also - trailing whitespace cleanup.

FLAG_BITS only seems to be used internally

Fill the tree cache when reading in a tree into an index

An obvious place to fill the tree cache is on write-tree, as we're
guaranteed to be able to fill in the whole tree cache.

The way this commit does this is not the most efficient, as we read the
root tree from the odb instead of filling in the cache as we go along,
but it fills the cache such that successive operations (and persisting
the index to disk) will be able to take advantage of the cache, and it
reuses the code we already have for filling the cache.

Filling in the cache as we create the trees would require some
reallocation of the children vector, which is currently not possible
with out pool implementation. A different data structure would likely
allow us to perform this operation at a later date.

If e.g. the root tree is invalidated, we still want to write out
its children, since those may still have valid cache entries.

Keeping the cache around after read-tree is only one part of the
optimisation opportunities. In order to share the cache between program
instances, we need to write the TREE extension to the index.

Do so, taking the opportunity to rename 'entries' to 'entry_count' to
match the name given in the format description. The included test is
rather trivial, but works as a sanity check.

This wasn't used. We invalidate based on the full path, so we always go
down the tree, never up.

These test that we invalidate at the right levels and that we remove the
tree cache when clearing the index.

When reading from a tree, we know what every tree is going to look like,
so we can fill in the tree cache completely, making use of the index for
modification of trees a lot quicker.

This simplifies freeing the entries quite a bit; though there aren't
that many failure paths right now, introducing filling the cache from a
tree will introduce more. This makes sure not to leak memory on errors.