As refdb and odb backends can be allocated by client code, libgit2
can’t know whether an alternative memory allocator was used, and thus
should not try to call `git__free` on those objects.

Instead, odb and refdb backend implementations must always provide
their own `free` functions to ensure memory gets freed correctly.

A transaction allows you to lock multiple references and set up changes
for them before applying the changes all at once (or as close as the
backend supports).

This can be used for replication purposes, or for making sure some
operations run when the reference is locked and thus cannot be changed.

There were a couple of "init_opts()" functions a few more cases
of structure initialization that I somehow missed.

The basic structure of each function is courtesy of arrbee.

We don't actually pass the old value yet.

Add a parameter to the backend to allow checking for the old symbolic
target.

Allow updating references if the old value matches the given one.

The frontend used to look at the file directly, but that's obviously not
the right thing to do. Expose it on the backend and use that function
instead.

Sometimes (e.g. stash) we want to make sure that a log will be written,
even if it's not in one of the standard locations. Let's make that
easier.

Whenever a reference is created or updated, we need to write to the
reflog regardless of whether the user gave us a message, so we shouldn't
leave that to the ref frontend, but integrate it into the backend.

This also eliminates the race between ref update and writing to the
reflog, as we protect the reflog with the ref lock.

As an additional benefit, this reflog append on the backend happens by
appending to the file instead of parsing and rewriting it.

This is as yet unused.

References and their logs are logically coupled, let's make it so in
the code by moving the fs-based reflog implementation to live next to
the fs-based refs one.

As part of the change, make the function take names rather than
references, as only the names are relevant when looking up and
handling reflogs.

This adds a `git__memset` routine that will not be optimized away
and updates the places where I memset() right before a free() call
to use it.

By zeroing out the memory when we free larger objects (i.e. those
that serve as collections of other data, such as repos, odb, refdb),
I'm hoping that it will be easier for libgit2 bindings to find
errors in their object management code.

If the backend doesn't provide support for it, the matching is done in
refdb on top of a normal iterator.

Nobody should ever be using anything other than ALL at this level, so
remove the option altogether.

As part of this, git_reference_foreach_glob is now implemented in the
frontend using an iterator. Backends will later regain the ability of
doing the glob filtering in the backend.

This allows us to get a list of reference names in a loop instead of callbacks.

Create a new include/git2/sys/refs.h and move the reference alloc
functions there.  Also fix some documentation issues and some
minor code cleanups.

This moves most of the refdb stuff over to the include/git2/sys
directory, with some minor shifts in function organization.

While I was making the necessary updates, I also removed the
trailing whitespace in a few files that I modified just because I
was there and it was bugging me.