Allow clone to handle empty repos

adding .mailmap file

Help clarify who are the top commiters when using 'shortlog -sn'.

Options structure for git_clone

don't walk off the end of the index

tree cache: loosen negative entry count check

While C Git has been writing entry count -1 (ie. never other negative
numbers) as invalid since day 1, it accepts all negative entry counts
as invalid. JGit follows the same rule. libgit2 should also follow, or
the index that works with C Git or JGit may someday be rejected by
libgit2.

Other reimplementations like dulwich and grit have not bothered with
parsing or writing tree cache.

ignore mkmf.log

no build artifacts
no parents

More iterator cleanup