Teach git_branch_remote_name() to work with orphaned heads

Fix git_stash_drop()

add a sorter to the reuc on index creation

Add more treebuilder tests

The recent changes with git_treebuilder_entrycount point out that
the test coverage for git_treebuilder_remove and
git_treebuilder_entrycount is completely absent.  This adds tests.

Add explicit entrycount to tree builder

This replaces most of the explicit vector iteration with calls
to git_vector_foreach, adds in some git__free and giterr_clear
calls to clean up during some error paths, and a couple of
other code simplifications.

The treebuilder entries vector flags removed items which means
we can't rely on the entries vector length to accurately get the
number of entries.  This adds an entrycount value and maintains it
while updating the treebuilder entries.

Simplify signature parsing

Disable caching in Clar

Fix static analyzer issues

The cppcheck static analyzer generates warnings for a bunch of
places in the libgit2 code base.  All the ones fixed in this
commit are actually false positives, but I've reorganized the
code to hopefully make it easier for static analysis tools to
correctly understand the structure.  I wouldn't do this if I
felt like it was making the code harder to read or worse for
humans, but in this case, these fixes don't seem too bad and will
hopefully make it easier for better analysis tools to get at any
real issues.

If gethostbyname() fails on platforms with NO_ADDRINFO, the code
leaks the struct addrinfo that was allocated.  This fixes that
(and a number of code formatting issues in that area of code in
src/posix.c).

There were a number of functions assigning their return value to
`error` without much explanation.  I added in some rudimentary
error checking to help flesh out the example.

Also, I reformatted all of the comments down to 80 cols (and in
some cases, slightly updated the wording).

push: fix typo in git_push_finish() doc

Topic/diff tree coverage

push: improve docs on success / failure of git_push_finish

Improve MSVC compiler, linker flags

Add git_push_options, to set packbuilder parallelism

Add FORCE_TEXT check into git_diff_blobs code path

Allow network operations to cancel

`git_diff_blobs` and `git_diff_blob_to_buffer` skip the step
where we check file attributes because they don't have a filename
associated with the data. Unfortunately, this meant they were also
skipping the check for the GIT_DIFF_FORCE_TEXT option and so you
could not force a diff of an apparent binary file.  This adds the
force text check into their code path.