curl: explicitly initialize and cleanup global curl state

Our curl-based streams make use of the easy curl interface. This
interface automatically initializes and de-initializes the global curl
state by calling out to `curl_global_init` and `curl_global_cleanup`.
Thus, all global state will be repeatedly re-initialized when creating
multiple curl streams in succession. Despite being inefficient, this is
not thread-safe due to `curl_global_init` being not thread-safe itself.
Thus a multi-threaded programing handling multiple curl streams at the
same time is inherently racy.

Fix the issue by globally initializing and cleaning up curl's state.

src/curl_stream.c

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "stream.h"
 #include "git2/transport.h"
 #include "buffer.h"
+#include "global.h"
 #include "vector.h"
 #include "proxy.h"
 
@@ -36,6 +37,18 @@ typedef struct {
 	git_cred *proxy_cred;
 } curl_stream;
 
+int git_curl_stream_global_init(void)
+{
+	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != 0) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "could not initialize curl");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* `curl_global_cleanup` is provided by libcurl */
+	git__on_shutdown(curl_global_cleanup);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int seterr_curl(curl_stream *s)
 {
 	giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "curl error: %s\n", s->curl_error);
@@ -351,6 +364,11 @@ int git_curl_stream_new(git_stream **out, const char *host, const char *port)
 
 #include "stream.h"
 
+int git_curl_stream_global_init(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int git_curl_stream_new(git_stream **out, const char *host, const char *port)
 {
 	GIT_UNUSED(out);

src/curl_stream.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "git2/sys/stream.h"
 
+extern int git_curl_stream_global_init(void);
 extern int git_curl_stream_new(git_stream **out, const char *host, const char *port);
 
 #endif

src/global.c

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "sysdir.h"
 #include "filter.h"
 #include "merge_driver.h"
+#include "curl_stream.h"
 #include "openssl_stream.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "git2/global.h"
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
 
 git_mutex git__mwindow_mutex;
 
-#define MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB 9
+#define MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB 10
 
 static git_global_shutdown_fn git__shutdown_callbacks[MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB];
 static git_atomic git__n_shutdown_callbacks;
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ static int init_common(void)
 		(ret = git_filter_global_init()) == 0 &&
 		(ret = git_merge_driver_global_init()) == 0 &&
 		(ret = git_transport_ssh_global_init()) == 0 &&
-		(ret = git_openssl_stream_global_init()) == 0)
+		(ret = git_openssl_stream_global_init()) == 0 &&
+		(ret = git_curl_stream_global_init()) == 0)
 		ret = git_mwindow_global_init();
 
 	GIT_MEMORY_BARRIER;