We currently have an explicit callchain of all the initialization
callbacks in our `init_common` function. This is perfectly fine, but
requires us to manually keep track of how many shutdown callbacks there
may be installed: to avoid allocations before libgit2 is fully
initialized, we assume that every initializer may register at most one
shutdown function. These shutdown functions are stored in a static array
of size `MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB`, which then needs to be updated manually
whenever a new initializer function is being added.

The situation can be easily fixed: convert the callchain of init
functions into an array and iterate over it to initialize all
subsystems. This allows us to define the `git__shutdown_callbacks` array
with the same size as the initializer array and rids us of the need to
always update `MAX_SHUTDOWN_CB`.