[RELAY] Add MergeCompilerRegions pass (#5134)

* [RELAY] Add MergeCompilerRegions pass

This pass is part of the flow to support creating compiler
regions with multiple outputs. It should be called after
AnnotateTarget and will merge together regions that share
the same target to create larger compiler regions that can
be off-loaded to external codegens.

This pass implements an algorithm to ensure that during the
merging, no data dependency issues are created. See the tests
for an example of this case.

Co-authored-by: Ramana Radhakrishnan  <ramana.radhakrishnan@arm.com>
Co-authored-by: Manupa Karunaratne    <manupa.karunaratne@arm.com>

Change-Id: Ibd99083564608d888482f57c5080109f3eefec88

* [RELAY] Annotate compiler_ends on each edge

This alters the behaviour of the AnnotateTarget
pass to enforce the property that all compiler
annotations exist along a single data flow edge.
Specifically, this means they should have exactly
one parent and one child.

Change-Id: I0e74803a77767f4f377d17755a13a74a30909797

* Fix comment

* Rebase *Node::make

* Moved block outside for loop

* Code style

* Update make API

* Remove comment

* Remove redundant 'else's

* Make one line

* Fix comment

* RefWrite

* Fix merge ordering

* Add the RFC example as a test

* [FIX] Fixed merging behaviour in AnnotateRegionSet

Deleting items from a list while iterating it seems to
result in undefined behaviour which sometimes segfaults.
This makes sure all the item deletion happens separately.

* Added checks

* Move comment

* Update comments

python/tvm/relay/transform/transform.py

@@ -397,6 +397,17 @@ def MergeComposite(pattern_table):
     return _ffi_api.MergeComposite(pattern_names, patterns)
 
 
+def MergeCompilerRegions():
+    """Merge together compiler regions.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ret : tvm.relay.Pass
+        The registered pass that merges compiler regions.
+    """
+    return _ffi_api.MergeCompilerRegions()
+
+
 def RewriteAnnotatedOps(fallback_device):
     """Rewrite the annotated program where annotation operators, e.g.
     `on_deivce`, mark which device an expression should be scheduled to.

src/relay/analysis/annotated_region_set.cc

@@ -55,13 +55,17 @@ void AnnotatedRegionSetNode::MergeRegions(AnnotatedRegion src,
   }
   // if any of the outputs of src are inputs of dest, they become internal nodes
   // so remove them from outs
+  std::vector<Expr> ins_to_remove;
   for (const auto& input : dest->ins) {
     auto call = Downcast<Call>(input);
     auto it = std::find(src->outs.begin(), src->outs.end(), call->args[0]);
     if (it != src->outs.end()) {
       dest->outs.remove(*it);
-      dest->ins.remove(input);
+      ins_to_remove.push_back(input);
+    }
   }
+  for (const auto& input : ins_to_remove) {
+    dest->ins.remove(input);
   }
   regions_.erase(src);
 }

src/relay/transforms/annotate_target.cc

@@ -38,38 +38,136 @@ class AnnotateTargetWrapper : public ExprMutator {
  public:
   explicit AnnotateTargetWrapper(const std::string& target) : target_(target) {}
 
+  Expr Annotate(const Expr& expr) {
+    return InsertEnd(Mutate(expr));
+  }
+
+  bool IsSupported(const Expr& expr) {
+    if (expr->IsInstance<CallNode>()) {
+      Call call = Downcast<Call>(expr);
+      auto fannotate = Op::GetAttr<FTVMAnnotateTarget>("target." + target_);
+      Op op = Downcast<Op>(call->op);
+      CHECK(op.defined());
+      if (fannotate.count(op)) {
+        return fannotate[op](call->attrs, call->args);
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Expr InsertEnd(const Expr& arg) {
+    if (IsSupported(arg)) {
+      const auto *end_op =
+        runtime::Registry::Get("relay.op.annotation._make.compiler_end");
+      CHECK(end_op);
+      Expr end = (*end_op)(arg, target_);
+      return end;
+    }
+    return arg;
+  }
+
   Expr VisitExpr_(const CallNode* cn) {
     // TODO(@zhiics, @comaniac) Handle composite functions.
     auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(cn);
 
     Call call = Downcast<Call>(new_e);
-    auto fannotate = Op::GetAttr<FTVMAnnotateTarget>("target." + target_);
-    Op op = Downcast<Op>(call->op);
-    CHECK(op.defined());
 
-    if (fannotate.count(op)) {
-      bool external = fannotate[op](call->attrs, call->args);
-      if (external) {
-        tvm::Array<tvm::relay::Expr> compiler_begins;
+    // add end annotations if the args are supported
+    Array<Expr> compiler_ends;
     for (const auto& it : call->args) {
+      compiler_ends.push_back(InsertEnd(it));
+    }
+    call = Call(call->op, compiler_ends, call->attrs);
+
+    // add begin annotations if the call node is supported
+    if (IsSupported(call)) {
+      tvm::Array<tvm::relay::Expr> compiler_begins;
       const auto* begin_op =
         runtime::Registry::Get("relay.op.annotation._make.compiler_begin");
+      for (const auto& it : call->args) {
         CHECK(begin_op);
         Expr begin = (*begin_op)(it, target_);
         compiler_begins.push_back(begin);
       }
-        Expr update_call = Call(call->op, compiler_begins, call->attrs);
-        const auto* end_op =
-          runtime::Registry::Get("relay.op.annotation._make.compiler_end");
-        CHECK(end_op);
-        Expr end = (*end_op)(update_call, target_);
-        return end;
+      call = Call(call->op, compiler_begins, call->attrs);
+    }
+
+    return std::move(call);
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const TupleNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto tup = Downcast<Tuple>(new_e);
+    Array<Expr> new_fields;
+    for (auto field : tup->fields) {
+      new_fields.push_back(InsertEnd(field));
+    }
+    return Tuple(new_fields);
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const TupleGetItemNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto get = Downcast<TupleGetItem>(new_e);
+    return TupleGetItem(
+      InsertEnd(get->tuple),
+      get->index);
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const FunctionNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto func = Downcast<Function>(new_e);
+    return Function(
+      func->params,
+      InsertEnd(func->body),
+      func->ret_type,
+      func->type_params,
+      func->attrs);
   }
-    } else {
-      LOG(WARNING) << op->name << " in " << target_
-                   << " is not registered. It will be executed on CPU.";
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const LetNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto let = Downcast<Let>(new_e);
+    return Let(
+      let->var,
+      InsertEnd(let->value),
+      InsertEnd(let->body));
   }
-    return new_e;
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const IfNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto iff = Downcast<If>(new_e);
+    return If(
+      InsertEnd(iff->cond),
+      InsertEnd(iff->true_branch),
+      InsertEnd(iff->false_branch));
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const RefCreateNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto create = Downcast<RefCreate>(new_e);
+    return RefCreate(InsertEnd(create->value));
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const RefReadNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto read = Downcast<RefRead>(new_e);
+    return RefRead(InsertEnd(read->ref));
+  }
+
+  Expr VisitExpr_(const RefWriteNode* op) {
+    auto new_e = ExprMutator::VisitExpr_(op);
+
+    auto write = Downcast<RefWrite>(new_e);
+    return RefWrite(
+      InsertEnd(write->ref),
+      InsertEnd(write->value));
   }
 
  private:
@@ -77,7 +175,7 @@ class AnnotateTargetWrapper : public ExprMutator {
 };
 
 Expr AnnotateTarget(const Expr& expr, const std::string& target) {
-  return AnnotateTargetWrapper(target).Mutate(expr);
+  return AnnotateTargetWrapper(target).Annotate(expr);
 }
 
 }  // namespace annotate_target

tests/python/relay/test_annotate_target.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import pytest
 
 import tvm
 import tvm.relay.testing
+import tvm.relay.op as reg
 import tvm.relay.transform as transform
 from tvm import relay
 from tvm import runtime
@@ -183,6 +184,41 @@ def test_extern_dnnl_mobilenet():
                  (1, 1000), ref_res.asnumpy(), tol=1e-5, params=params)
 
 
+@reg.register("nn.relu", "target.test")
+def relu(attrs, args):
+    return True
+
+
+def test_multiple_ends():
+    def before():
+        x = relay.var("x", shape=(10, 10))
+        r = relay.nn.relu(x)
+        a_1 = relay.abs(r)
+        a_2 = relay.abs(r)
+        out = relay.add(a_1, a_2)
+        f = relay.Function([x], out)
+        mod = tvm.IRModule.from_expr(f)
+        return mod
+
+    def after():
+        x = relay.var("x", shape=(10, 10))
+        cb_1 = relay.annotation.compiler_begin(x, "test")
+        r = relay.nn.relu(cb_1)
+        ce_1 = relay.annotation.compiler_end(r, "test")
+        ce_2 = relay.annotation.compiler_end(r, "test")
+        a_1 = relay.abs(ce_1)
+        a_2 = relay.abs(ce_2)
+        out = relay.add(a_1, a_2)
+        f = relay.Function([x], out)
+        mod = tvm.IRModule.from_expr(f)
+        return mod
+
+    result = transform.AnnotateTarget("test")(before())
+    expected = transform.InferType()(after())
+    assert relay.analysis.alpha_equal(expected, result)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_multiple_ends()
     test_extern_dnnl()
     test_extern_dnnl_mobilenet()

tests/python/relay/test_pass_merge_compiler_regions.py

+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Unit tests for merge compiler regions."""
+import tvm
+from tvm import relay
+from tvm.relay.op.annotation import compiler_begin, compiler_end
+from tvm.relay.testing import run_opt_pass
+
+
+def test_diamond_graph_fanouts():
+    """
+    This tests that the data dependencies present in a diamond-shaped
+    graph are correctly resolved by the merging pass.
+
+    O = supported by target
+    X = not supported by target
+
+       O         O
+      / \       /               \
+     O   X --> O    +       +    X
+      \ /              \ /
+       O                O
+
+    Note that we can't just merge the three supported operators together,
+    otherwise both subgraphs would depend on the other.
+    """
+    def diamond_graph_fanouts():
+        data = relay.var('data', shape=(10, 10))
+        cb_1 = compiler_begin(data, "test")
+        O_1 = relay.abs(cb_1)
+        ce_1 = compiler_end(O_1, "test")
+        ce_2 = compiler_end(O_1, "test")
+        cb_2 = compiler_begin(ce_1, "test")
+        O_2 = relay.nn.relu(cb_2)
+        ce_3 = compiler_end(O_2, "test")
+
+        X = relay.tanh(ce_2)
+
+        cb_3 = compiler_begin(ce_3, "test")
+        cb_4 = compiler_begin(X, "test")
+        O_3 = relay.add(cb_3, cb_4)
+        ce_4 = compiler_end(O_3, "test")
+
+        diamond = relay.Function([data], ce_4)
+        return diamond
+
+    def expected():
+        data = relay.var('data', shape=(10, 10))
+        cb_1 = compiler_begin(data, "test")
+        O_1 = relay.abs(cb_1)
+        ce_2 = compiler_end(O_1, "test")
+        O_2 = relay.nn.relu(O_1)
+        ce_3 = compiler_end(O_2, "test")
+
+        cb_x = compiler_begin(ce_2, "default")
+        X = relay.tanh(cb_x)
+        ce_x1 = compiler_end(X, "default")
+        ce_x2 = compiler_end(X, "default")
+
+        cb_3 = compiler_begin(ce_3, "test")
+        cb_4 = compiler_begin(ce_x1, "test")
+        O_3 = relay.add(cb_3, cb_4)
+        ce_4 = compiler_end(O_3, "test")
+
+        func = relay.Function([data], ce_4)
+        return func
+
+    result = run_opt_pass(diamond_graph_fanouts(), relay.transform.MergeCompilerRegions())
+    golden = run_opt_pass(expected(), relay.transform.InferType())
+    assert relay.analysis.alpha_equal(result, golden)
+
+
+def test_example_graph():
+    """This tests the merging algorithm on the example used in the RFC.
+
+    See the RFC here: https://discuss.tvm.ai/t/relay-improved-graph-partitioning-algorithm/5830
+    Blue nodes are adds, red nodes are subtracts.
+    """
+    def annotated():
+        in_1 = relay.var('in_1', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_2 = relay.var('in_2', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_3 = relay.var('in_3', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_4 = relay.var('in_4', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_5 = relay.var('in_5', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_6 = relay.var('in_6', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_7 = relay.var('in_7', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_8 = relay.var('in_8', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_9 = relay.var('in_9', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_10 = relay.var('in_10', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+
+        begin0 = compiler_begin(in_1, "test")
+        begin1 = compiler_begin(in_2, "test")
+        begin2 = compiler_begin(in_3, "test")
+        begin3 = compiler_begin(in_4, "test")
+        node0 = relay.add(begin0, begin1)
+        node1 = relay.add(begin2, begin3)
+        end0 = compiler_end(node0, "test")
+        end1 = compiler_end(node1, "test")
+        begin4 = compiler_begin(end0, "test")
+        begin5 = compiler_begin(end1, "test")
+        node2 = relay.add(begin4, begin5)
+        end2 = compiler_end(node2, "test")
+
+        node3 = relay.subtract(in_5, in_6)
+        node4 = relay.subtract(in_7, node3)
+
+        begin6 = compiler_begin(end2, "test")
+        begin7 = compiler_begin(node4, "test")
+        node5 = relay.add(begin6, begin7)
+        end3 = compiler_end(node5, "test")
+        end4 = compiler_end(node5, "test")
+        node6 = relay.subtract(in_8, end3)
+        begin8 = compiler_begin(in_9, "test")
+        begin9 = compiler_begin(end4, "test")
+        node7 = relay.add(begin8, begin9)
+        end5 = compiler_end(node7, "test")
+
+        begin10 = compiler_begin(node6, "test")
+        begin11 = compiler_begin(end5, "test")
+        node8 = relay.add(begin10, begin11)
+        end6 = compiler_end(node8, "test")
+        begin12 = compiler_begin(in_10, "test")
+        begin13 = compiler_begin(end6, "test")
+        node9 = relay.add(begin12, begin13)
+        end7 = compiler_end(node9, "test")
+
+        f = relay.Function([in_1, in_2, in_3, in_4, in_5, in_6, in_7, in_8, in_9, in_10], end7)
+        mod = tvm.IRModule.from_expr(f)
+        return mod
+
+    def expected():
+        in_1 = relay.var('in_1', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_2 = relay.var('in_2', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_3 = relay.var('in_3', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_4 = relay.var('in_4', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_5 = relay.var('in_5', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_6 = relay.var('in_6', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_7 = relay.var('in_7', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_8 = relay.var('in_8', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_9 = relay.var('in_9', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+        in_10 = relay.var('in_10', shape=(10, 10), dtype='float32')
+
+        begin0 = compiler_begin(in_1, "test")
+        begin1 = compiler_begin(in_2, "test")
+        begin2 = compiler_begin(in_3, "test")
+        begin3 = compiler_begin(in_4, "test")
+        node0 = relay.add(begin0, begin1)
+        node1 = relay.add(begin2, begin3)
+        node2 = relay.add(node0, node1)
+
+        begin4 = compiler_begin(in_5, "default")
+        begin5 = compiler_begin(in_6, "default")
+        begin6 = compiler_begin(in_7, "default")
+        node3 = relay.subtract(begin4, begin5)
+        node4 = relay.subtract(begin6, node3)
+        end0 = compiler_end(node4, "default")
+
+        begin7 = compiler_begin(end0, "test")
+        begin8 = compiler_begin(in_9, "test")
+
+        node5 = relay.add(node2, begin7)
+        end1 = compiler_end(node5, "test")
+
+        begin9 = compiler_begin(end1, "default")
+        begin10 = compiler_begin(in_8, "default")
+        node6 = relay.subtract(begin10, begin9)
+        end2 = compiler_end(node6, "default")
+
+        node7 = relay.add(begin8, node5)
+        end3 = compiler_end(node7, "test")
+        begin11 = compiler_begin(end3, "test")
+        begin12 = compiler_begin(end2, "test")
+
+        node8 = relay.add(begin12, begin11)
+
+        begin13 = compiler_begin(in_10, "test")
+        node9 = relay.add(begin13, node8)
+        end4 = compiler_end(node9, "test")
+
+        f = relay.Function([in_1, in_2, in_3, in_4, in_5, in_6, in_7, in_8, in_9, in_10], end4)
+        mod = tvm.IRModule.from_expr(f)
+        return mod
+
+    mod = annotated()
+    mod = relay.transform.MergeCompilerRegions()(mod)
+    ref_mod = expected()
+    assert relay.analysis.alpha_equal(mod, ref_mod)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_diamond_graph_fanouts()
+    test_example_graph()