initial generate block scoping support

- significant refactor of struct conversion
- significant refactor of typedef conversion
- scoping support in multipack conversion
- scoping support in typeof conversion

src/Convert/MultiplePacked.hs

+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
 {- sv2v
  - Author: Zachary Snow <zach@zachjs.com>
  -
@@ -25,42 +26,34 @@
 
 module Convert.MultiplePacked (convert) where
 
-import Control.Monad.State
+import Control.Monad ((>=>))
 import Data.Tuple (swap)
 import Data.Maybe (isJust)
 import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
 
+import Convert.Scoper
 import Convert.Traverse
 import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
 
 type TypeInfo = (Type, [Range])
-type Info = Map.Map Identifier TypeInfo
 
 convert :: [AST] -> [AST]
-convert = map $ traverseDescriptions convertDescription
-
-convertDescription :: Description -> Description
-convertDescription part @ Part{} =
-    scopedConversion traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseStmtM
-    instances part'
-    where
-        (part', instances) = runState
-            (traverseModuleItemsM traverseInstancesM part) Map.empty
-convertDescription other = other
+convert = map $ traverseDescriptions $ partScoper
+    traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseGenItemM traverseStmtM
 
 -- collects and converts declarations with multiple packed dimensions
-traverseDeclM :: Decl -> State Info Decl
+traverseDeclM :: Decl -> Scoper TypeInfo Decl
 traverseDeclM (Variable dir t ident a e) = do
     t' <- traverseTypeM t a ident
-    return $ Variable dir t' ident a e
+    traverseDeclExprsM traverseExprM $ Variable dir t' ident a e
 traverseDeclM (Param s t ident e) = do
     t' <- traverseTypeM t [] ident
-    return $ Param s t' ident e
-traverseDeclM other = return other
+    traverseDeclExprsM traverseExprM $ Param s t' ident e
+traverseDeclM other = traverseDeclExprsM traverseExprM other
 
-traverseTypeM :: Type -> [Range] -> Identifier -> State Info Type
+traverseTypeM :: Type -> [Range] -> Identifier -> Scoper TypeInfo Type
 traverseTypeM t a ident = do
-    modify $ Map.insert ident (t, a)
+    insertElem ident (t, a)
     t' <- case t of
         Struct pk fields rs -> do
             fields' <- flattenFields fields
@@ -82,18 +75,20 @@ traverseTypeM t a ident = do
             fieldTypes' <- mapM (\x -> traverseTypeM x [] "") fieldTypes
             return $ zip fieldTypes' fieldNames
 
--- converts multi-dimensional instances
-traverseInstancesM :: ModuleItem -> State Info ModuleItem
-traverseInstancesM (Instance m p x rs l) = do
+traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> Scoper TypeInfo ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItemM (Instance m p x rs l) = do
+    -- converts multi-dimensional instances
     rs' <- if length rs <= 1
         then return rs
         else do
             let t = Implicit Unspecified rs
-            modify $ Map.insert x (t, [])
+            insertElem x (t, [])
             let r1 : r2 : rest = rs
             return $ (combineRanges r1 r2) : rest
-    return $ Instance m p x rs' l
-traverseInstancesM other = return other
+    traverseExprsM traverseExprM $ Instance m p x rs' l
+traverseModuleItemM item =
+    traverseLHSsM  traverseLHSM  item >>=
+    traverseExprsM traverseExprM
 
 -- combines two ranges into one flattened range
 combineRanges :: Range -> Range -> Range
@@ -117,37 +112,38 @@ combineRanges r1 r2 = r
                 upper = BinOp Add (BinOp Mul size1 size2)
                             (BinOp Sub lower (Number "1"))
 
-traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> State Info ModuleItem
-traverseModuleItemM =
-    traverseLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
-    traverseExprsM traverseExprM
-
-traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> State Info Stmt
+traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> Scoper TypeInfo Stmt
 traverseStmtM =
     traverseStmtLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
     traverseStmtExprsM traverseExprM
 
-traverseExprM :: Expr -> State Info Expr
-traverseExprM = traverseNestedExprsM $ stately traverseExpr
+traverseExprM :: Expr -> Scoper TypeInfo Expr
+traverseExprM = traverseNestedExprsM convertExprM
+
+traverseGenItemM :: GenItem -> Scoper TypeInfo GenItem
+traverseGenItemM = traverseGenItemExprsM traverseExprM
 
 -- LHSs need to be converted too. Rather than duplicating the procedures, we
 -- turn LHSs into expressions temporarily and use the expression conversion.
-traverseLHSM :: LHS -> State Info LHS
+traverseLHSM :: LHS -> Scoper TypeInfo LHS
 traverseLHSM = traverseNestedLHSsM traverseLHSSingleM
     where
         -- We can't use traverseExprM directly because that would cause Exprs
         -- inside of LHSs to be converted twice in a single cycle!
-        traverseLHSSingleM :: LHS -> State Info LHS
+        traverseLHSSingleM :: LHS -> Scoper TypeInfo LHS
         traverseLHSSingleM lhs = do
             let expr = lhsToExpr lhs
-            expr' <- stately traverseExpr expr
+            expr' <- convertExprM expr
             case exprToLHS expr' of
                 Just lhs' -> return lhs'
                 Nothing -> error $ "multi-packed conversion created non-LHS from "
                     ++ (show expr) ++ " to " ++ (show expr')
 
-traverseExpr :: Info -> Expr -> Expr
-traverseExpr typeMap =
+convertExprM :: Expr -> Scoper TypeInfo Expr
+convertExprM = embedScopes convertExpr
+
+convertExpr :: Scopes TypeInfo -> Expr -> Expr
+convertExpr scopes =
     rewriteExpr
     where
         -- removes the innermost dimensions of the given type information, and
@@ -165,19 +161,17 @@ traverseExpr typeMap =
         -- given an expression, returns its type information and a tagged
         -- version of the expression, if possible
         levels :: Expr -> Maybe (TypeInfo, Expr)
-        levels (Ident x) =
-            case Map.lookup x typeMap of
-                Just a -> Just (a, Ident $ tag : x)
-                Nothing -> Nothing
         levels (Bit expr a) =
-            fmap (dropLevel $ \expr' -> Bit expr' a) (levels expr)
+            case levels expr of
+                Just info -> Just $ dropLevel (\expr' -> Bit expr' a) info
+                Nothing -> fallbackLevels $ Bit expr a
         levels (Range expr a b) =
             fmap (dropLevel $ \expr' -> Range expr' a b) (levels expr)
         levels (Dot expr x) =
             case levels expr of
                 Just ((Struct _ fields [], []), expr') -> dropDot fields expr'
                 Just ((Union  _ fields [], []), expr') -> dropDot fields expr'
-                _ -> Nothing
+                _ -> fallbackLevels $ Dot expr x
             where
                 dropDot :: [Field] -> Expr -> Maybe (TypeInfo, Expr)
                 dropDot fields expr' =
@@ -187,7 +181,14 @@ traverseExpr typeMap =
                     where
                         fieldMap = Map.fromList $ map swap fields
                         fieldType = fieldMap Map.! x
-        levels _ = Nothing
+        levels expr = fallbackLevels expr
+
+        fallbackLevels :: Expr -> Maybe (TypeInfo, Expr)
+        fallbackLevels expr =
+            fmap ((, expr) . thd3) res
+            where
+                res = lookupExpr scopes expr
+                thd3 (_, _, c) = c
 
         -- given an expression, returns the two most significant (innermost,
         -- leftmost) packed dimensions and a tagged version of the expression,

src/Convert/Scoper.hs

+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{- sv2v
+ - Author: Zachary Snow <zach@zachjs.com>
+ -
+ - Standardized scope traversal utilities
+ -
+ - This module provides a series of "scopers" which track the scope of blocks,
+ - generate loops, tasks, and functions, and provides the ability to insert and
+ - lookup elements in a scope-aware way.
+ -
+ - The interfaces take in a mappers for each of: Decl, ModuleItem, GenItem, and
+ - Stmt. Note that Function, Task, Always, Initial, and Final are NOT passed
+ - through the ModuleItem mapper as those constructs only provide Stmts and
+ - Decls. For the same reason, Decl ModuleItems are not passed through the
+ - ModuleItem mapper.
+ -
+ - All of the mappers should not recursively traverse any of the items captured
+ - by any of the other mappers. Scope resolution enforces data declaration
+ - ordering.
+ -}
+
+module Convert.Scoper
+    ( Scoper
+    , ScoperT
+    , evalScoper
+    , evalScoperT
+    , partScoper
+    , partScoperT
+    , insertElem
+    , lookupExpr
+    , lookupLHS
+    , lookupIdent
+    , lookupAccesses
+    , lookupExprM
+    , lookupLHSM
+    , lookupIdentM
+    , lookupAccessesM
+    , Access
+    , Scopes
+    , embedScopes
+    ) where
+
+import Control.Monad.State
+import Data.Functor.Identity (runIdentity)
+import Data.List (inits)
+import Data.Maybe (catMaybes)
+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
+
+import Convert.Traverse
+import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
+
+-- user monad aliases
+type Scoper a = State (Scopes a)
+type ScoperT a m = StateT (Scopes a) m
+
+-- one tier of scope construction
+data Tier = Tier
+    { tierName :: Identifier
+    , tierIndex :: Identifier
+    } deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+-- one layer of scope inspection
+data Access = Access
+    { accessName :: Identifier
+    , accessIndex :: Expr
+    } deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+type Mapping a = Map.Map Identifier (Entry a)
+
+data Entry a = Entry
+    { eElement :: Maybe a
+    , eIndex :: Identifier
+    , eMapping :: Mapping a
+    } deriving Show
+
+data Scopes a = Scopes
+    { sCurrent :: [Tier]
+    , sMapping :: Mapping a
+    } deriving Show
+
+embedScopes :: Monad m => (Scopes a -> b -> c) -> b -> ScoperT a m c
+embedScopes func x = do
+    scopes <- get
+    return $ func scopes x
+
+setScope :: [Tier] -> Entry a -> Mapping a -> Mapping a
+setScope [] _ = error "setScope invariant violated"
+setScope [Tier name _] newEntry =
+    Map.insert name newEntry
+setScope (Tier name _ : tiers) newEntry =
+    Map.adjust adjustment name
+    where
+        adjustment entry =
+            entry { eMapping = setScope tiers newEntry (eMapping entry) }
+
+enterScope :: Monad m => Identifier -> Identifier -> ScoperT a m ()
+enterScope name index = do
+    current <- gets sCurrent
+    let current' = current ++ [Tier name index]
+    existingResult <- lookupIdentM name
+    let existingElement = fmap thd3 existingResult
+    let entry = Entry existingElement index Map.empty
+    mapping <- gets sMapping
+    let mapping' = setScope current' entry mapping
+    put $ Scopes current' mapping'
+    where thd3 (_, _, c) = c
+
+exitScope :: Monad m => Identifier -> Identifier -> ScoperT a m ()
+exitScope name index = do
+    let tier = Tier name index
+    current <- gets sCurrent
+    mapping <- gets sMapping
+    if null current || last current /= tier
+        then error "exitScope invariant violated"
+        else do
+            let current' = init current
+            put $ Scopes current' mapping
+
+tierToAccess :: Tier -> Access
+tierToAccess (Tier x "") = Access x Nil
+tierToAccess (Tier x y) = Access x (Ident y)
+
+exprToAccesses :: Expr -> Maybe [Access]
+exprToAccesses (Ident x) = Just [Access x Nil]
+exprToAccesses (Bit (Ident x) y) = Just [Access x y]
+exprToAccesses (Bit (Dot e x) y) = do
+    accesses <- exprToAccesses e
+    Just $ accesses ++ [Access x y]
+exprToAccesses (Dot e x) = do
+    accesses <- exprToAccesses e
+    Just $ accesses ++ [Access x Nil]
+exprToAccesses _ = Nothing
+
+lhsToAccesses :: LHS -> Maybe [Access]
+lhsToAccesses = exprToAccesses . lhsToExpr
+
+insertElem :: Monad m => Identifier -> a -> ScoperT a m ()
+insertElem name element = do
+    current <- gets sCurrent
+    mapping <- gets sMapping
+    let entry = Entry (Just element) "" Map.empty
+    let mapping' = setScope (current ++ [Tier name ""]) entry mapping
+    put $ Scopes current mapping'
+
+type Replacements = Map.Map Identifier Expr
+
+attemptResolve :: Mapping a -> [Access] -> Maybe (Replacements, a)
+attemptResolve _ [] = Nothing
+attemptResolve mapping (Access x e : rest) = do
+    Entry maybeElement index subMapping <- Map.lookup x mapping
+    if null rest && e == Nil then
+        fmap (Map.empty, ) maybeElement
+    else do
+        (replacements, element) <- attemptResolve subMapping rest
+        if e /= Nil && not (null index) then do
+            let replacements' = Map.insert index e replacements
+            Just (replacements', element)
+        else if e == Nil && null index then
+            Just (replacements, element)
+        else
+            Nothing
+
+type LookupResult a = Maybe ([Access], Replacements, a)
+
+lookupExprM :: Monad m => Expr -> ScoperT a m (LookupResult a)
+lookupExprM = embedScopes lookupExpr
+
+lookupLHSM :: Monad m => LHS -> ScoperT a m (LookupResult a)
+lookupLHSM = embedScopes lookupLHS
+
+lookupIdentM :: Monad m => Identifier -> ScoperT a m (LookupResult a)
+lookupIdentM = embedScopes lookupIdent
+
+lookupAccessesM :: Monad m => [Access] -> ScoperT a m (LookupResult a)
+lookupAccessesM = embedScopes lookupAccesses
+
+lookupExpr :: Scopes a -> Expr -> LookupResult a
+lookupExpr scopes = join . fmap (lookupAccesses scopes) . exprToAccesses
+
+lookupLHS :: Scopes a -> LHS -> LookupResult a
+lookupLHS scopes = join . fmap (lookupAccesses scopes) . lhsToAccesses
+
+lookupIdent :: Scopes a -> Identifier -> LookupResult a
+lookupIdent scopes ident = lookupAccesses scopes [Access ident Nil]
+
+lookupAccesses :: Scopes a -> [Access] -> LookupResult a
+lookupAccesses scopes accesses = do
+    if null results
+        then Nothing
+        else Just $ last results
+    where
+        options = inits $ map tierToAccess (sCurrent scopes)
+        try option =
+            fmap toResult $ attemptResolve (sMapping scopes) full
+            where
+                full = option ++ accesses
+                toResult (a, b) = (full, a, b)
+        results = catMaybes $ map try options
+
+evalScoper
+    :: MapperM (Scoper a) Decl
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) ModuleItem
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) GenItem
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) Stmt
+    -> Identifier
+    -> [ModuleItem]
+    -> [ModuleItem]
+evalScoper declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper topName items =
+    runIdentity $ evalScoperT
+    declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper topName items
+
+evalScoperT
+    :: forall a m. Monad m
+    => MapperM (ScoperT a m) Decl
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) ModuleItem
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) GenItem
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) Stmt
+    -> Identifier
+    -> [ModuleItem]
+    -> m [ModuleItem]
+evalScoperT declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper topName items =
+    evalStateT operation initialState
+    where
+        operation :: ScoperT a m [ModuleItem]
+        operation = do
+            enterScope topName ""
+            items' <- mapM fullModuleItemMapper items
+            exitScope topName ""
+            return items'
+        initialState = Scopes [] Map.empty
+
+        fullStmtMapper :: Stmt -> ScoperT a m Stmt
+        fullStmtMapper (Block kw name decls stmts) = do
+            enterScope name ""
+            decls' <- mapM declMapper decls
+            stmts' <- mapM fullStmtMapper stmts
+            exitScope name ""
+            return $ Block kw name decls' stmts'
+        -- TODO: Do we need to support the various procedural loops?
+        fullStmtMapper stmt =
+            stmtMapper stmt >>= traverseSinglyNestedStmtsM fullStmtMapper
+
+        mapTFDecls :: [Decl] -> ScoperT a m [Decl]
+        mapTFDecls = mapTFDecls' 0
+            where
+                mapTFDecls' :: Int -> [Decl] -> ScoperT a m [Decl]
+                mapTFDecls' _ [] = return []
+                mapTFDecls' idx (decl : decls) =
+                    case argIdxDecl decl of
+                        Nothing -> do
+                            decl' <- declMapper decl
+                            decls' <- mapTFDecls' idx decls
+                            return $ decl' : decls'
+                        Just declFunc -> do
+                            _ <- declMapper $ declFunc idx
+                            decl' <- declMapper decl
+                            decls' <- mapTFDecls' (idx + 1) decls
+                            return $ decl' : decls'
+
+                argIdxDecl :: Decl -> Maybe (Int -> Decl)
+                argIdxDecl (Variable d t _ a e) =
+                    if d == Local
+                        then Nothing
+                        else Just $ \i -> Variable d t (show i) a e
+                argIdxDecl Param{} = Nothing
+                argIdxDecl ParamType{} = Nothing
+                argIdxDecl CommentDecl{} = Nothing
+
+        fullModuleItemMapper :: ModuleItem -> ScoperT a m ModuleItem
+        fullModuleItemMapper (MIPackageItem (Function ml t x decls stmts)) = do
+            t' <- do
+                res <- declMapper $ Variable Local t x [] Nil
+                case res of
+                    Variable Local newType _ [] Nil -> return newType
+                    _ -> error $ "redirected func ret traverse failed: " ++ show res
+            enterScope x ""
+            decls' <- mapTFDecls decls
+            stmts' <- mapM fullStmtMapper stmts
+            exitScope x ""
+            return $ MIPackageItem $ Function ml t' x decls' stmts'
+        fullModuleItemMapper (MIPackageItem (Task     ml   x decls stmts)) = do
+            enterScope x ""
+            decls' <- mapTFDecls decls
+            stmts' <- mapM fullStmtMapper stmts
+            exitScope x ""
+            return $ MIPackageItem $ Task     ml    x decls' stmts'
+        fullModuleItemMapper (MIPackageItem (Decl decl)) =
+            declMapper decl >>= return . MIPackageItem . Decl
+        fullModuleItemMapper (AlwaysC kw stmt) =
+            fullStmtMapper stmt >>= return . AlwaysC kw
+        fullModuleItemMapper (Initial stmt) =
+            fullStmtMapper stmt >>= return . Initial
+        fullModuleItemMapper (Final stmt) =
+            fullStmtMapper stmt >>= return . Final
+        fullModuleItemMapper (Generate genItems) =
+            mapM fullGenItemMapper genItems >>= return . Generate
+        fullModuleItemMapper (MIAttr attr item) =
+            fullModuleItemMapper item >>= return . MIAttr attr
+        fullModuleItemMapper item = moduleItemMapper item
+
+        -- TODO: This doesn't yet support implicit naming of generate blocks as
+        -- blocks as described in Section 27.6.
+        fullGenItemMapper :: GenItem -> ScoperT a m GenItem
+        fullGenItemMapper = genItemMapper >=> scopeGenItemMapper
+        scopeGenItemMapper :: GenItem -> ScoperT a m GenItem
+        scopeGenItemMapper (GenFor (index, a) b c (GenBlock name genItems)) = do
+            enterScope name index
+            genItems' <- mapM fullGenItemMapper genItems
+            exitScope name index
+            return $ GenFor (index, a) b c (GenBlock name genItems')
+        scopeGenItemMapper (GenBlock name genItems) = do
+            enterScope name ""
+            genItems' <- mapM fullGenItemMapper genItems
+            exitScope name ""
+            return $ GenBlock name genItems'
+        scopeGenItemMapper (GenModuleItem moduleItem) =
+            fullModuleItemMapper moduleItem >>= return . GenModuleItem
+        scopeGenItemMapper genItem =
+            traverseSinglyNestedGenItemsM fullGenItemMapper genItem
+
+partScoper
+    :: MapperM (Scoper a) Decl
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) ModuleItem
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) GenItem
+    -> MapperM (Scoper a) Stmt
+    -> Description
+    -> Description
+partScoper declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper part =
+    runIdentity $ partScoperT
+        declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper part
+
+partScoperT
+    :: Monad m
+    => MapperM (ScoperT a m) Decl
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) ModuleItem
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) GenItem
+    -> MapperM (ScoperT a m) Stmt
+    -> Description
+    -> m Description
+partScoperT declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper =
+    mapper
+    where
+        operation = evalScoperT
+            declMapper moduleItemMapper genItemMapper stmtMapper
+        mapper (Part attrs extern kw liftetime name ports items) = do
+            items' <- operation name items
+            return $ Part attrs extern kw liftetime name ports items'
+        mapper description = return description

src/Convert/Struct.hs

@@ -6,19 +6,17 @@
 
 module Convert.Struct (convert) where
 
-import Control.Monad.State
-import Control.Monad.Writer
+import Control.Monad ((>=>), when)
 import Data.List (partition)
 import Data.Tuple (swap)
 import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
 
+import Convert.Scoper
 import Convert.Traverse
 import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
 
-type TypeFunc = [Range] -> Type
-type StructInfo = (Type, Map.Map Identifier (Range, Expr))
-type Types = Map.Map Identifier Type
+type StructInfo = (Type, Map.Map Identifier Range)
 
 convert :: [AST] -> [AST]
 convert = map $ traverseDescriptions convertDescription
@@ -26,51 +24,10 @@ convert = map $ traverseDescriptions convertDescription
 convertDescription :: Description -> Description
 convertDescription (description @ (Part _ _ Module _ _ _ _)) =
     traverseModuleItems (traverseTypes' ExcludeParamTypes convertType) $
-        scopedConversion traverseDeclM' traverseModuleItemM
-            traverseStmtM tfArgTypes description
-    where
-        -- collect information about this description
-        tfArgTypes = execWriter $ collectModuleItemsM collectTFArgsM description
-        -- helpers for the scoped traversal
-        traverseDeclM' :: Decl -> State Types Decl
-        traverseDeclM' decl = do
-            decl' <- traverseDeclM decl
-            res <- traverseModuleItemM $ MIPackageItem $ Decl decl'
-            let MIPackageItem (Decl decl'') = res
-            return decl''
-        traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> State Types ModuleItem
-        traverseModuleItemM =
-            traverseLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
-            traverseExprsM traverseExprM >=>
-            traverseAsgnsM traverseAsgnM
-        traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> State Types Stmt
-        traverseStmtM (Subroutine expr args) = do
-            stateTypes <- get
-            let stmt' = Subroutine expr $ convertCall stateTypes expr args
-            traverseStmtM' stmt'
-        traverseStmtM stmt = traverseStmtM' stmt
-        traverseStmtM' :: Stmt -> State Types Stmt
-        traverseStmtM' =
-            traverseStmtLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
-            traverseStmtExprsM traverseExprM >=>
-            traverseStmtAsgnsM traverseAsgnM
-        traverseExprM =
-            traverseNestedExprsM $ stately converter
-            where
-                converter :: Types -> Expr -> Expr
-                converter types expr =
-                    snd $ convertAsgn types (LHSIdent "", expr)
-        traverseLHSM =
-            traverseNestedLHSsM $ stately converter
-            where
-                converter :: Types -> LHS -> LHS
-                converter types lhs =
-                    fst $ convertAsgn types (lhs, Ident "")
-        traverseAsgnM = stately convertAsgn
+    partScoper traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseGenItemM traverseStmtM
+    description
 convertDescription other = other
 
--- write down unstructured versions of packed struct types
-
 convertStruct :: Type -> Maybe StructInfo
 convertStruct (Struct Unpacked fields _) =
     convertStruct' True Unspecified fields
@@ -112,11 +69,9 @@ convertStruct' isStruct sg fields =
                 else map simplify $ map (BinOp Add (Number "-1")) fieldSizes
 
         -- create the mapping structure for the unstructured fields
-        unstructOffsets = map simplify $ map snd fieldRanges
-        unstructRanges = zip fieldHis fieldLos
         keys = map snd fields
-        vals = zip unstructRanges unstructOffsets
-        unstructFields = Map.fromList $ zip keys vals
+        unstructRanges = zip fieldHis fieldLos
+        unstructFields = Map.fromList $ zip keys unstructRanges
 
         -- create the unstructured type; result type takes on the signing of the
         -- struct itself to preserve behavior of operations on the whole struct
@@ -135,9 +90,6 @@ convertStruct' isStruct sg fields =
         isFlatIntVec _ = False
         canUnstructure = all isFlatIntVec fieldTypes
 
-isReadyStruct :: Type -> Bool
-isReadyStruct = (Nothing /=) . convertStruct
-
 
 -- convert a struct type to its unstructured equivalent
 convertType :: Type -> Type
@@ -148,106 +100,106 @@ convertType t1 =
             where (tf2, rs2) = typeRanges t2
     where (_, rs1) = typeRanges t1
 
-collectTFArgsM :: ModuleItem -> Writer Types ()
-collectTFArgsM (MIPackageItem item) = do
-    _ <- case item of
-        Function _ t f decls _ -> do
-            tell $ Map.singleton f t
-            mapM (collect f) (zip [0..] decls)
-        Task     _   f decls _ ->
-            mapM (collect f) (zip [0..] decls)
-        _ -> return []
-    return ()
-    where
-        collect :: Identifier -> (Int, Decl) -> Writer Types ()
-        collect f (idx, (Variable _ t x _ _)) = do
-            tell $ Map.singleton (f ++ ":" ++ show idx) t
-            tell $ Map.singleton (f ++ ":" ++ x) t
-        collect _ _ = return ()
-collectTFArgsM _ = return ()
-
 -- write down the types of declarations
-traverseDeclM :: Decl -> State Types Decl
-traverseDeclM origDecl = do
-    case origDecl of
+traverseDeclM :: Decl -> Scoper Type Decl
+traverseDeclM decl = do
+    decl' <- case decl of
         Variable d t x a e -> do
             let (tf, rs) = typeRanges t
-            if isRangeable t
-                then modify $ Map.insert x (tf $ a ++ rs)
-                else return ()
-            e' <- convertDeclExpr x e
+            when (isRangeable t) $
+                insertElem x (tf $ a ++ rs)
+            let e' = convertExpr t e
             return $ Variable d t x a e'
         Param s t x e -> do
-            modify $ Map.insert x t
-            e' <- convertDeclExpr x e
+            insertElem x t
+            let e' = convertExpr t e
             return $ Param s t x e'
-        ParamType{} -> return origDecl
-        CommentDecl{} -> return origDecl
+        ParamType{} -> return decl
+        CommentDecl{} -> return decl
+    traverseDeclExprsM traverseExprM decl'
     where
-        convertDeclExpr :: Identifier -> Expr -> State Types Expr
-        convertDeclExpr x e = do
-            types <- get
-            let (LHSIdent _, e') = convertAsgn types (LHSIdent x, e)
-            return e'
         isRangeable :: Type -> Bool
-        isRangeable (IntegerAtom _ _) = False
-        isRangeable (NonInteger  _  ) = False
+        isRangeable IntegerAtom{} = False
+        isRangeable NonInteger{}  = False
         isRangeable _ = True
 
+traverseGenItemM :: GenItem -> Scoper Type GenItem
+traverseGenItemM = traverseGenItemExprsM traverseExprM
+
+traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> Scoper Type ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItemM =
+    traverseLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
+    traverseExprsM traverseExprM >=>
+    traverseAsgnsM traverseAsgnM
+
+traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> Scoper Type Stmt
+traverseStmtM (Subroutine expr args) = do
+    argsMapper <- embedScopes convertCall expr
+    let args' = argsMapper args
+    let stmt' = Subroutine expr args'
+    traverseStmtM' stmt'
+traverseStmtM stmt = traverseStmtM' stmt
+
+traverseStmtM' :: Stmt -> Scoper Type Stmt
+traverseStmtM' =
+    traverseStmtLHSsM  traverseLHSM  >=>
+    traverseStmtExprsM traverseExprM >=>
+    traverseStmtAsgnsM traverseAsgnM
+
+traverseExprM :: Expr -> Scoper Type Expr
+traverseExprM = traverseNestedExprsM $
+    embedScopes convertSubExpr >=> return . snd
+
+traverseLHSM :: LHS -> Scoper Type LHS
+traverseLHSM = traverseNestedLHSsM $ convertLHS >=> return . snd
+
 -- removes the innermost range from the given type, if possible
 dropInnerTypeRange :: Type -> Type
 dropInnerTypeRange t =
     case typeRanges t of
-        (_, []) -> Implicit Unspecified []
+        (_, []) -> unknownType
         (tf, rs) -> tf $ tail rs
 
--- This is where the magic happens. This is responsible for converting struct
--- accesses, assignments, and literals, given appropriate information about the
--- structs and the current declaration context. The general strategy involves
--- looking at the innermost type of a node to convert outer uses of fields, and
--- then using the outermost type to figure out the corresponding struct
--- definition for struct literals that are encountered.
-convertAsgn :: Types -> (LHS, Expr) -> (LHS, Expr)
-convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
-    (lhs', expr')
-    where
-        (typ, lhs') = convertLHS lhs
-        expr' = snd $ convertSubExpr $ convertExpr typ expr
-
-        -- converting LHSs by looking at the innermost types first
-        convertLHS :: LHS -> (Type, LHS)
-        convertLHS l =
-            case exprToLHS e' of
-                Just l' -> (t, l')
-                Nothing -> error $ "struct conversion created non-LHS from "
-                    ++ (show e) ++ " to " ++ (show e')
-            where
-                e = lhsToExpr l
-                (t, e') = convertSubExpr e
-
-        specialTag = ':'
-        defaultKey = specialTag : "default"
-
-        -- try expression conversion by looking at the *outermost* type first
-        convertExpr :: Type -> Expr -> Expr
-        convertExpr _ Nil = Nil
-        convertExpr t (Mux c e1 e2) =
+unknownType :: Type
+unknownType = Implicit Unspecified []
+
+traverseAsgnM :: (LHS, Expr) -> Scoper Type (LHS, Expr)
+traverseAsgnM (lhs, expr) = do
+    -- convert the LHS using the innermost type information
+    (typ, lhs') <- convertLHS lhs
+    -- convert the RHS using the LHS type information, and then the innermost
+    -- type information on the resulting RHS
+    (_, expr') <- embedScopes convertSubExpr $ convertExpr typ expr
+    return (lhs', expr')
+
+specialTag :: Char
+specialTag = ':'
+defaultKey :: String
+defaultKey = specialTag : "default"
+
+structIsntReady :: Type -> Bool
+structIsntReady = (Nothing ==) . convertStruct
+
+-- try expression conversion by looking at the *outermost* type first
+convertExpr :: Type -> Expr -> Expr
+convertExpr _ Nil = Nil
+convertExpr t (Mux c e1 e2) =
     Mux c e1' e2'
     where
         e1' = convertExpr t e1
         e2' = convertExpr t e2
-        -- TODO: This is really a conversion for using default patterns to
-        -- populate arrays. Maybe this should be somewhere else?
-        convertExpr (IntegerVector t sg (r:rs)) (Pattern [(":default", e)]) =
+-- TODO: This is really a conversion for using default patterns to
+-- populate arrays. Maybe this should be somewhere else?
+convertExpr (IntegerVector t sg (r:rs)) (Pattern [(":default", e)]) =
     Repeat (rangeSize r) [e']
     where e' = convertExpr (IntegerVector t sg rs) e
-        -- TODO: This is a conversion for concat array literals with elements
-        -- that are unsized numbers. This probably belongs somewhere else.
-        convertExpr (t @ IntegerVector{}) (Pattern items) =
+-- TODO: This is a conversion for concat array literals with elements
+-- that are unsized numbers. This probably belongs somewhere else.
+convertExpr (t @ IntegerVector{}) (Pattern items) =
     if all (null . fst) items
         then convertExpr t $ Concat $ map snd items
         else Pattern items
-        convertExpr (t @ IntegerVector{}) (Concat exprs) =
+convertExpr (t @ IntegerVector{}) (Concat exprs) =
     if all isUnsizedNumber exprs
         then Concat exprs'
         else Concat exprs
@@ -258,31 +210,29 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
         isUnsizedNumber (Number n) = not $ elem '\'' n
         isUnsizedNumber (UniOp UniSub e) = isUnsizedNumber e
         isUnsizedNumber _ = False
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields (_:rs)) (Concat exprs) =
+convertExpr (Struct packing fields (_:rs)) (Concat exprs) =
     Concat $ map (convertExpr (Struct packing fields rs)) exprs
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields (_:rs)) (Bit e _) =
+convertExpr (Struct packing fields (_:rs)) (Bit e _) =
     convertExpr (Struct packing fields rs) e
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields []) (Pattern [("", Repeat (Number nStr) exprs)]) =
+convertExpr (Struct packing fields []) (Pattern [("", Repeat (Number nStr) exprs)]) =
     case fmap fromIntegral (readNumber nStr) of
         Just n -> convertExpr (Struct packing fields []) $ Pattern $
                 zip (repeat "") (concat $ take n $ repeat exprs)
         Nothing ->
             error $ "unable to handle repeat in pattern: " ++
                 (show $ Repeat (Number nStr) exprs)
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields []) (Pattern itemsOrig) =
+convertExpr (struct @ (Struct _ fields [])) (Pattern itemsOrig) =
     if extraNames /= Set.empty then
         error $ "pattern " ++ show (Pattern itemsOrig) ++
             " has extra named fields: " ++
-                    show (Set.toList extraNames) ++ " that are not in " ++
-                    show structTf
-            else if isReadyStruct (structTf []) then
+            show (Set.toList extraNames) ++ " that are not in " ++ show struct
+    else if structIsntReady struct then
+        Pattern items
+    else
         Concat
             $ map (uncurry $ Cast . Left)
             $ zip (map fst fields) (map snd items)
-            else
-                Pattern items
     where
-                structTf = Struct packing fields
         fieldNames = map snd fields
         fieldTypeMap = Map.fromList $ map swap fields
 
@@ -293,8 +243,7 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
             -- position-based patterns should cover every field
             else if length itemsOrig /= length fields then
                 error $ "struct pattern " ++ show (Pattern itemsOrig) ++
-                            " doesn't have the same # of items as " ++
-                            show structTf
+                    " doesn't have the same # of items as " ++ show struct
             -- if the pattern does not use identifiers, use the
             -- identifiers from the struct type definition in order
             else
@@ -326,7 +275,7 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
                 specialItemMap Map.! defaultKey
             else
                 error $ "couldn't find field " ++ fieldName ++
-                            " from struct definition " ++ show structTf ++
+                    " from struct definition " ++ show struct ++
                     " in struct pattern " ++ show itemsOrig
             where
                 fieldType = fieldTypeMap Map.! fieldName
@@ -336,7 +285,7 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
                 isStruct (Struct{}) = True
                 isStruct _ = False
 
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields (r : rs)) (Pattern items) =
+convertExpr (Struct packing fields (r : rs)) (Pattern items) =
     if all null keys
         then convertExpr (structTf (r : rs)) (Concat vals)
         else Repeat (rangeSize r) [subExpr']
@@ -345,69 +294,75 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
         subExpr = Pattern items
         structTf = Struct packing fields
         subExpr' = convertExpr (structTf rs) subExpr
-        convertExpr (Struct packing fields (r : rs)) subExpr =
+convertExpr (Struct packing fields (r : rs)) subExpr =
     Repeat (rangeSize r) [subExpr']
     where
         structTf = Struct packing fields
         subExpr' = convertExpr (structTf rs) subExpr
-        convertExpr _ other = other
-
-        -- try expression conversion by looking at the *innermost* type first
-        convertSubExpr :: Expr -> (Type, Expr)
-        convertSubExpr (Ident x) =
-            case Map.lookup x types of
-                Nothing -> (Implicit Unspecified [], Ident x)
-                Just t -> (t, Ident x)
-        convertSubExpr (Dot e x) =
-            if maybeFields == Nothing
-                then (Implicit Unspecified [], Dot e' x)
-                else if not $ isReadyStruct (structTf [])
-                        then (fieldType, Dot e' x)
-                        else (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, undotted)
+convertExpr _ other = other
+
+fallbackType :: Scopes Type -> Expr -> (Type, Expr)
+fallbackType scopes e =
+    case lookupExpr scopes e of
+        Nothing -> (unknownType, e)
+        Just (_, _, t) -> (t, e)
+
+-- converting LHSs by looking at the innermost types first
+convertLHS :: LHS -> Scoper Type (Type, LHS)
+convertLHS l = do
+    let e = lhsToExpr l
+    (t, e') <- embedScopes convertSubExpr e
+    return $ case exprToLHS e' of
+        Just l' -> (t, l')
+        Nothing -> error $ "struct conversion created non-LHS from "
+                    ++ (show e) ++ " to " ++ (show e')
+
+-- try expression conversion by looking at the *innermost* type first
+convertSubExpr :: Scopes Type -> Expr -> (Type, Expr)
+convertSubExpr scopes (Dot e x) =
+    if isntStruct subExprType then
+        fallbackType scopes $ Dot e' x
+    else if structIsntReady subExprType then
+        (fieldType, Dot e' x)
+    else
+        (fieldType, undotted)
     where
-                (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                maybeFields = getFields subExprType
-                Just (structTf, fields) = maybeFields
-                (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo structTf fields x
+        (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+        (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo subExprType x
         base = fst bounds
         len = rangeSize bounds
-                [dim] = dims
-                undotted = if null dims || rangeSize dim == Number "1"
+        undotted = if null dims || rangeSize (head dims) == Number "1"
             then Bit e' (fst bounds)
             else Range e' IndexedMinus (base, len)
-        convertSubExpr (Range (Dot e x) NonIndexed rOuter) =
-            if maybeFields == Nothing
-                then (Implicit Unspecified [], orig')
-                else if not $ isReadyStruct (structTf [])
-                        then (fieldType, orig')
-                        else (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, undotted)
+convertSubExpr scopes (Range (Dot e x) NonIndexed rOuter) =
+    if isntStruct subExprType then
+        fallbackType scopes orig'
+    else if structIsntReady subExprType then
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, orig')
+    else
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, undotted)
     where
+        (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
         orig' = Range (Dot e' x) NonIndexed rOuter
-                (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                maybeFields = getFields subExprType
-                Just (structTf, fields) = maybeFields
-                (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo structTf fields x
+        (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo subExprType x
         [dim] = dims
-                undotted = Range e' NonIndexed $
-                    endianCondRange dim rangeLeft rangeRight
-                rangeLeft =
-                    ( BinOp Sub (fst bounds) $ BinOp Sub (fst dim) (fst rOuter)
+        rangeLeft = ( BinOp Sub (fst bounds) $ BinOp Sub (fst dim) (fst rOuter)
                     , BinOp Sub (fst bounds) $ BinOp Sub (fst dim) (snd rOuter) )
-                rangeRight =
-                    ( BinOp Add (snd bounds) $ BinOp Sub (snd dim) (fst rOuter)
+        rangeRight =( BinOp Add (snd bounds) $ BinOp Sub (snd dim) (fst rOuter)
                     , BinOp Add (snd bounds) $ BinOp Sub (snd dim) (snd rOuter) )
-        convertSubExpr (Range (Dot e x) mode (baseO, lenO)) =
-            if maybeFields == Nothing
-                then (Implicit Unspecified [], orig')
-                else if not $ isReadyStruct (structTf [])
-                        then (fieldType, orig')
-                        else (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, undotted)
+        undotted = Range e' NonIndexed $
+            endianCondRange dim rangeLeft rangeRight
+convertSubExpr scopes (Range (Dot e x) mode (baseO, lenO)) =
+    if isntStruct subExprType then
+        fallbackType scopes orig'
+    else if structIsntReady subExprType then
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, orig')
+    else
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, undotted)
     where
+        (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
         orig' = Range (Dot e' x) mode (baseO, lenO)
-                (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                maybeFields = getFields subExprType
-                Just (structTf, fields) = maybeFields
-                (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo structTf fields x
+        (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo subExprType x
         [dim] = dims
         baseLeft  = BinOp Sub (fst bounds) $ BinOp Sub (fst dim) baseO
         baseRight = BinOp Add (snd bounds) $ BinOp Sub (snd dim) baseO
@@ -419,104 +374,94 @@ convertAsgn types (lhs, expr) =
         base = endianCondExpr dim baseDec baseInc
         undotted = Range e' mode (base, lenO)
         one = Number "1"
-        convertSubExpr (Range e mode r) =
-            (t', Range e' mode r)
-            where
-                (t, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                t' = dropInnerTypeRange t
-        convertSubExpr (Bit (Dot e x) i) =
-            if maybeFields == Nothing
-                then (Implicit Unspecified [], Bit (Dot e' x) i)
-                else if not $ isReadyStruct (structTf [])
-                        then (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, Bit (Dot e' x) i)
-                        else (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, Bit e' i')
+convertSubExpr scopes (Range e mode r) =
+    (dropInnerTypeRange t, Range e' mode r)
+    where (t, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+convertSubExpr scopes (Bit (Dot e x) i) =
+    if isntStruct subExprType then
+        fallbackType scopes orig'
+    else if structIsntReady subExprType then
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, orig')
+    else
+        (dropInnerTypeRange fieldType, Bit e' i')
     where
-                (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                maybeFields = getFields subExprType
-                Just (structTf, fields) = maybeFields
-                (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo structTf fields x
+        (subExprType, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+        orig' = Bit (Dot e' x) i
+        (fieldType, bounds, dims) = lookupFieldInfo subExprType x
         [dim] = dims
         iLeft  = BinOp Sub (fst bounds) $ BinOp Sub (fst dim) i
         iRight = BinOp Add (snd bounds) $ BinOp Sub (snd dim) i
         i' = endianCondExpr dim iLeft iRight
-        convertSubExpr (Bit e i) =
-            (t', Bit e' i)
+convertSubExpr scopes (Bit e i) =
+    if t == unknownType
+        then fallbackType scopes $ Bit e' i
+        else (dropInnerTypeRange t, Bit e' i)
+    where (t, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+convertSubExpr scopes (Call e args) =
+    (retType, Call e args')
     where
-                (t, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                t' = dropInnerTypeRange t
-        convertSubExpr (Call e args) =
-            (retType, Call e $ convertCall types e' args)
-            where
-                (_, e') = convertSubExpr e
-                retType = case e' of
-                    Ident f -> case Map.lookup f types of
-                        Nothing -> Implicit Unspecified []
-                        Just t -> t
-                    _ -> Implicit Unspecified []
-        convertSubExpr (Cast (Left t) sub) =
-            (t, Cast (Left t) (snd $ convertSubExpr sub))
-        convertSubExpr (Pattern items) =
+        (retType, _) = fallbackType scopes e
+        args' = convertCall scopes e args
+convertSubExpr scopes (Cast (Left t) e) =
+    (t, Cast (Left t) e')
+    where (_, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+convertSubExpr scopes (Pattern items) =
     if all (== "") $ map fst items'
-                then (Implicit Unspecified [], Concat $ map snd items')
-                else (Implicit Unspecified [], Pattern items')
+        then (unknownType, Concat $ map snd items')
+        else (unknownType, Pattern items')
     where
         items' = map mapItem items
-                mapItem (mx, e) = (mx, snd $ convertSubExpr e)
-        convertSubExpr (Mux a b c) =
+        mapItem (x, e) = (x, e')
+            where (_, e') = convertSubExpr scopes e
+convertSubExpr scopes (Mux a b c) =
     (t, Mux a' b' c')
     where
-                (_, a') = convertSubExpr a
-                (t, b') = convertSubExpr b
-                (_, c') = convertSubExpr c
-        convertSubExpr other =
-            (Implicit Unspecified [], other)
-
-        -- lookup the range of a field in its unstructured type
-        lookupUnstructRange :: TypeFunc -> Identifier -> Range
-        lookupUnstructRange structTf fieldName =
-            case Map.lookup fieldName fieldRangeMap of
-                Nothing -> error $ "field '" ++ fieldName ++
-                    "' not found in struct: " ++ show structTf
-                Just r -> r
-            where
-                Just structInfo = convertStruct $ structTf []
-                fieldRangeMap = Map.map fst $ snd structInfo
-
-        -- lookup the type of a field in the given field list
-        lookupFieldType :: [(Type, Identifier)] -> Identifier -> Type
-        lookupFieldType fields fieldName = fieldMap Map.! fieldName
-            where fieldMap = Map.fromList $ map swap fields
-
-        -- get the fields and type function of a struct or union
-        getFields :: Type -> Maybe ([Range] -> Type, [Field])
-        getFields (Struct p fields []) = Just (Struct p fields, fields)
-        getFields (Union  p fields []) = Just (Union  p fields, fields)
-        getFields _ = Nothing
-
-        -- get the field type, flattended bounds, and original type dimensions
-        lookupFieldInfo :: ([Range] -> Type) -> [Field] -> Identifier
-            -> (Type, Range, [Range])
-        lookupFieldInfo structTf fields x =
-            (fieldType, bounds, dims)
+        (_, a') = convertSubExpr scopes a
+        (t, b') = convertSubExpr scopes b
+        (_, c') = convertSubExpr scopes c
+convertSubExpr scopes other =
+    fallbackType scopes other
+
+-- get the fields and type function of a struct or union
+getFields :: Type -> Maybe [Field]
+getFields (Struct _ fields []) = Just fields
+getFields (Union  _ fields []) = Just fields
+getFields _ = Nothing
+
+isntStruct :: Type -> Bool
+isntStruct = (== Nothing) . getFields
+
+-- get the field type, flattended bounds, and original type dimensions
+lookupFieldInfo :: Type -> Identifier -> (Type, Range, [Range])
+lookupFieldInfo struct fieldName =
+    if maybeFieldType == Nothing
+        then error $ "field '" ++ fieldName ++ "' not found in: " ++ show struct
+        else (fieldType, bounds, dims)
     where
-                fieldType = lookupFieldType fields x
-                bounds = lookupUnstructRange structTf x
+        Just fields = getFields struct
+        maybeFieldType = lookup fieldName $ map swap fields
+        Just fieldType = maybeFieldType
         dims = snd $ typeRanges fieldType
+        Just (_, unstructRanges) = convertStruct struct
+        Just bounds = Map.lookup fieldName unstructRanges
 
 -- attempts to convert based on the assignment-like contexts of TF arguments
-convertCall :: Types -> Expr -> Args -> Args
-convertCall types fn (Args pnArgs kwArgs) =
-    case fn of
-        Ident _ -> args
+convertCall :: Scopes Type -> Expr -> Args -> Args
+convertCall scopes fn (Args pnArgs kwArgs) =
+    case exprToLHS fn of
+        Just fnLHS ->
+            Args (map snd pnArgs') kwArgs'
+            where
+                pnArgs' = map (convertArg fnLHS) $ zip idxs pnArgs
+                kwArgs' = map (convertArg fnLHS) kwArgs
         _ -> Args pnArgs kwArgs
     where
-        Ident f = fn
         idxs = map show ([0..] :: [Int])
-        args = Args
-            (map snd $ map convertArg $ zip idxs pnArgs)
-            (map convertArg kwArgs)
-        convertArg :: (Identifier, Expr) -> (Identifier, Expr)
-        convertArg (x, e) = (x, e')
+        convertArg :: LHS -> (Identifier, Expr) -> (Identifier, Expr)
+        convertArg lhs (x, e) =
+            (x, e')
             where
-                (_, e') = convertAsgn types
-                    (LHSIdent $ f ++ ":" ++ x, e)
+                details = lookupLHS scopes $ LHSDot lhs x
+                typ = maybe unknownType thd3 details
+                thd3 (_, _, c) = c
+                (_, e') = convertSubExpr scopes $ convertExpr typ e

src/Convert/Traverse.hs

@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ module Convert.Traverse
 , traverseTypeExprsM
 , traverseTypeExprs
 , collectTypeExprsM
+, traverseGenItemExprsM
+, traverseGenItemExprs
+, collectGenItemExprsM
+, traverseDeclExprsM
+, traverseDeclExprs
+, collectDeclExprsM
 , traverseDeclTypesM
 , traverseDeclTypes
 , collectDeclTypesM
@@ -97,6 +103,8 @@ module Convert.Traverse
 , stately
 , traverseFilesM
 , traverseFiles
+, traverseSinglyNestedGenItemsM
+, traverseSinglyNestedStmtsM
 ) where
 
 import Data.Functor.Identity (Identity, runIdentity)
@@ -407,7 +415,7 @@ traverseNestedExprsM :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m Expr
 traverseNestedExprsM mapper = exprMapper
     where
         exprMapper = mapper >=> em
-        (_, _, _, typeMapper) = exprMapperHelpers exprMapper
+        (_, _, _, typeMapper, _) = exprMapperHelpers exprMapper
         typeOrExprMapper (Left t) =
             typeMapper t >>= return . Left
         typeOrExprMapper (Right e) =
@@ -489,9 +497,19 @@ traverseNestedExprsM mapper = exprMapper
         em (Nil) = return Nil
 
 exprMapperHelpers :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr ->
-    (MapperM m Range, MapperM m Decl, MapperM m LHS, MapperM m Type)
+    ( MapperM m Range
+    , MapperM m Decl
+    , MapperM m LHS
+    , MapperM m Type
+    , MapperM m GenItem
+    )
 exprMapperHelpers exprMapper =
-    (rangeMapper, declMapper, traverseNestedLHSsM lhsMapper, typeMapper)
+    ( rangeMapper
+    , declMapper
+    , traverseNestedLHSsM lhsMapper
+    , typeMapper
+    , genItemMapper
+    )
     where
 
     rangeMapper (a, b) = do
@@ -535,11 +553,26 @@ exprMapperHelpers exprMapper =
         return $ LHSStream o e' ls
     lhsMapper other = return other
 
+    genItemMapper (GenFor (x1, e1) cc (x2, op2, e2) subItem) = do
+        e1' <- exprMapper e1
+        e2' <- exprMapper e2
+        cc' <- exprMapper cc
+        return $ GenFor (x1, e1') cc' (x2, op2, e2') subItem
+    genItemMapper (GenIf e i1 i2) = do
+        e' <- exprMapper e
+        return $ GenIf e' i1 i2
+    genItemMapper (GenCase e cases) = do
+        e' <- exprMapper e
+        caseExprs <- mapM (mapM exprMapper . fst) cases
+        let cases' = zip caseExprs (map snd cases)
+        return $ GenCase e' cases'
+    genItemMapper other = return other
+
 traverseExprsM' :: Monad m => TFStrategy -> MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m ModuleItem
 traverseExprsM' strat exprMapper = moduleItemMapper
     where
 
-    (rangeMapper, declMapper, lhsMapper, typeMapper)
+    (rangeMapper, declMapper, lhsMapper, typeMapper, genItemMapper)
         = exprMapperHelpers exprMapper
 
     stmtMapper = traverseNestedStmtsM (traverseStmtExprsM exprMapper)
@@ -632,21 +665,6 @@ traverseExprsM' strat exprMapper = moduleItemMapper
         a'' <- traverseAssertionExprsM exprMapper a'
         return $ AssertionItem (mx, a'')
 
-    genItemMapper (GenFor (x1, e1) cc (x2, op2, e2) subItem) = do
-        e1' <- exprMapper e1
-        e2' <- exprMapper e2
-        cc' <- exprMapper cc
-        return $ GenFor (x1, e1') cc' (x2, op2, e2') subItem
-    genItemMapper (GenIf e i1 i2) = do
-        e' <- exprMapper e
-        return $ GenIf e' i1 i2
-    genItemMapper (GenCase e cases) = do
-        e' <- exprMapper e
-        caseExprs <- mapM (mapM exprMapper . fst) cases
-        let cases' = zip caseExprs (map snd cases)
-        return $ GenCase e' cases'
-    genItemMapper other = return other
-
     modportDeclMapper (dir, ident, t, e) = do
         t' <- typeMapper t
         e' <- exprMapper e
@@ -668,7 +686,7 @@ traverseStmtExprsM :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m Stmt
 traverseStmtExprsM exprMapper = flatStmtMapper
     where
 
-    (_, declMapper, lhsMapper, _) = exprMapperHelpers exprMapper
+    (_, declMapper, lhsMapper, _, _) = exprMapperHelpers exprMapper
 
     caseMapper (exprs, stmt) = do
         exprs' <- mapM exprMapper exprs
@@ -888,13 +906,33 @@ collectExprTypesM = collectify traverseExprTypesM
 traverseTypeExprsM :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m Type
 traverseTypeExprsM mapper =
     typeMapper
-    where (_, _, _, typeMapper) = exprMapperHelpers mapper
+    where (_, _, _, typeMapper, _) = exprMapperHelpers mapper
 
 traverseTypeExprs :: Mapper Expr -> Mapper Type
 traverseTypeExprs = unmonad traverseTypeExprsM
 collectTypeExprsM :: Monad m => CollectorM m Expr -> CollectorM m Type
 collectTypeExprsM = collectify traverseTypeExprsM
 
+traverseGenItemExprsM :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m GenItem
+traverseGenItemExprsM mapper =
+    genItemMapper
+    where (_, _, _, _, genItemMapper) = exprMapperHelpers mapper
+
+traverseGenItemExprs :: Mapper Expr -> Mapper GenItem
+traverseGenItemExprs = unmonad traverseGenItemExprsM
+collectGenItemExprsM :: Monad m => CollectorM m Expr -> CollectorM m GenItem
+collectGenItemExprsM = collectify traverseGenItemExprsM
+
+traverseDeclExprsM :: Monad m => MapperM m Expr -> MapperM m Decl
+traverseDeclExprsM mapper =
+    declMapper
+    where (_, declMapper, _, _, _) = exprMapperHelpers mapper
+
+traverseDeclExprs :: Mapper Expr -> Mapper Decl
+traverseDeclExprs = unmonad traverseDeclExprsM
+collectDeclExprsM :: Monad m => CollectorM m Expr -> CollectorM m Decl
+collectDeclExprsM = collectify traverseDeclExprsM
+
 traverseDeclTypesM :: Monad m => MapperM m Type -> MapperM m Decl
 traverseDeclTypesM mapper (Param s t x e) =
     mapper t >>= \t' -> return $ Param s t' x e

src/Convert/TypeOf.hs

@@ -11,45 +11,27 @@
 
 module Convert.TypeOf (convert) where
 
-import Control.Monad.State
 import Data.List (elemIndex)
-import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, mapMaybe)
 import Data.Int (Int32)
 import Data.Tuple (swap)
 import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
 
+import Convert.Scoper
 import Convert.Traverse
 import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
 
-type Info = Map.Map Identifier Type
-
 convert :: [AST] -> [AST]
-convert = map $ traverseDescriptions convertDescription
-
-convertDescription :: Description -> Description
-convertDescription (description @ Part{}) =
-    scopedConversion traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseStmtM
-        initialState description
-    where
-        Part _ _ _ _ _ _ items = description
-        initialState = Map.fromList $ mapMaybe returnType items
-        returnType :: ModuleItem -> Maybe (Identifier, Type)
-        returnType (MIPackageItem (Function _ t f _ _)) =
-            if t == Implicit Unspecified []
-                -- functions with no return type implicitly return a single bit
-                then Just (f, IntegerVector TLogic Unspecified [])
-                else Just (f, t)
-        returnType _ = Nothing
-convertDescription other = other
+convert = map $ traverseDescriptions $ partScoper
+    traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseGenItemM traverseStmtM
 
-traverseDeclM :: Decl -> State Info Decl
+traverseDeclM :: Decl -> Scoper Type Decl
 traverseDeclM decl = do
     item <- traverseModuleItemM (MIPackageItem $ Decl decl)
     let MIPackageItem (Decl decl') = item
     case decl' of
         Variable d t ident a e -> do
             let t' = injectRanges t a
-            modify $ Map.insert ident t'
+            insertElem ident t'
             return $ case t' of
                 UnpackedType t'' a' -> Variable d t'' ident a' e
                 _ ->                   Variable d t'  ident [] e
@@ -57,39 +39,58 @@ traverseDeclM decl = do
             let t' = if t == Implicit Unspecified []
                         then IntegerAtom TInteger Unspecified
                         else t
-            modify $ Map.insert ident t'
+            insertElem ident t'
             return decl'
         ParamType{} -> return decl'
         CommentDecl{} -> return decl'
 
-traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> State Info ModuleItem
-traverseModuleItemM item = traverseTypesM traverseTypeM item
+traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> Scoper Type ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItemM = traverseTypesM traverseTypeM
+
+traverseGenItemM :: GenItem -> Scoper Type GenItem
+traverseGenItemM = traverseGenItemExprsM traverseExprM
+
+traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> Scoper Type Stmt
+traverseStmtM = traverseStmtExprsM traverseExprM
 
-traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> State Info Stmt
-traverseStmtM =
-    traverseStmtExprsM $ traverseNestedExprsM $ traverseExprTypesM traverseTypeM
+traverseExprM :: Expr -> Scoper Type Expr
+traverseExprM = traverseNestedExprsM $ traverseExprTypesM traverseTypeM
 
-traverseTypeM :: Type -> State Info Type
+traverseTypeM :: Type -> Scoper Type Type
 traverseTypeM (TypeOf expr) = typeof expr
 traverseTypeM other = return other
 
-typeof :: Expr -> State Info Type
+lookupTypeOf :: Expr -> Scoper Type Type
+lookupTypeOf expr = do
+    details <- lookupExprM expr
+    case details of
+        Nothing -> return $ TypeOf expr
+        -- functions with no return type implicitly return a single bit
+        Just (_, _, Implicit Unspecified []) ->
+            return $ IntegerVector TLogic Unspecified []
+        Just (_, replacements, typ) ->
+            return $ rewriteType typ
+            where
+                rewriteType = traverseNestedTypes $ traverseTypeExprs $
+                    traverseNestedExprs replace
+                replace :: Expr -> Expr
+                replace (Ident x) =
+                    Map.findWithDefault (Ident x) x replacements
+                replace other = other
+
+typeof :: Expr -> Scoper Type Type
 typeof (Number n) =
     return $ IntegerVector TLogic sg [r]
     where
         (size, sg) = parseNumber n
         r = (Number $ show (size - 1), Number "0")
-typeof (orig @ (Ident x)) = do
-    res <- gets $ Map.lookup x
-    return $ fromMaybe (TypeOf orig) res
-typeof (orig @ (Call (Ident x) _)) = do
-    res <- gets $ Map.lookup x
-    return $ fromMaybe (TypeOf orig) res
+typeof (Call (Ident x) _) =
+    typeof $ Ident x
 typeof (orig @ (Bit e _)) = do
     t <- typeof e
-    return $ case t of
-        TypeOf _ -> TypeOf orig
-        _ -> popRange t
+    case t of
+        TypeOf _ -> lookupTypeOf orig
+        _ -> return $ popRange t
 typeof (orig @ (Range e mode r)) = do
     t <- typeof e
     return $ case t of
@@ -103,17 +104,18 @@ typeof (orig @ (Range e mode r)) = do
             IndexedMinus -> BinOp Add (uncurry (BinOp Sub) r) (Number "1")
 typeof (orig @ (Dot e x)) = do
     t <- typeof e
-    return $ case t of
+    case t of
         Struct _ fields [] ->
+            return $ fieldsType fields
+        Union _ fields [] ->
+            return $ fieldsType fields
+        _ -> lookupTypeOf orig
+    where
+        fieldsType :: [Field] -> Type
+        fieldsType fields =
             case lookup x $ map swap fields of
                 Just typ -> typ
                 Nothing -> TypeOf orig
-        _ -> TypeOf orig
-typeof (orig @ (Cast (Right (Ident x)) _)) = do
-    typeMap <- get
-    if Map.member x typeMap
-        then return $ typeOfSize (Ident x)
-        else return $ TypeOf orig
 typeof (Cast (Right s) _) = return $ typeOfSize s
 typeof (UniOp UniSub  e  ) = typeof e
 typeof (UniOp BitNot  e  ) = typeof e
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ typeof (Mux   _       a b) = return $ largerSizeType a b
 typeof (Concat      exprs) = return $ typeOfSize $ concatSize exprs
 typeof (Repeat reps exprs) = return $ typeOfSize size
     where size = BinOp Mul reps (concatSize exprs)
-typeof other = return $ TypeOf other
+typeof other = lookupTypeOf other
 
 -- determines the size and sign of a number literal
 parseNumber :: String -> (Int32, Signing)

src/Convert/Typedef.hs

@@ -9,108 +9,91 @@
 
 module Convert.Typedef (convert) where
 
-import Control.Monad.Writer
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Control.Monad ((>=>))
 
+import Convert.Scoper
 import Convert.Traverse
 import Language.SystemVerilog.AST
 
-type Types = Map.Map Identifier Type
-
 convert :: [AST] -> [AST]
-convert = map $ traverseDescriptions convertDescription
+convert = map $ traverseDescriptions $ partScoper
+    traverseDeclM traverseModuleItemM traverseGenItemM traverseStmtM
+
+traverseTypeOrExprM :: TypeOrExpr -> Scoper Type TypeOrExpr
+traverseTypeOrExprM (Left (TypeOf (Ident x))) = do
+    details <- lookupIdentM x
+    return $ case details of
+        Nothing -> Left $ TypeOf $ Ident x
+        Just (_, _, typ) -> Left typ
+traverseTypeOrExprM (Right (Ident x)) = do
+    details <- lookupIdentM x
+    return $ case details of
+        Nothing -> Right $ Ident x
+        Just (_, _, typ) -> Left typ
+traverseTypeOrExprM other = return other
 
-convertDescription :: Description -> Description
-convertDescription (description @ Part{}) =
-    traverseModuleItems (convertTypedef types) description'
-    where
-        description' =
-            traverseModuleItems (traverseGenItems convertGenItem) description
-        types = execWriter $ collectModuleItemsM collectTypedefM description'
-convertDescription other = other
+traverseExprM :: Expr -> Scoper Type Expr
+traverseExprM (Cast v e) = do
+    v' <- traverseTypeOrExprM v
+    return $ Cast v' e
+traverseExprM (DimsFn f v) = do
+    v' <- traverseTypeOrExprM v
+    return $ DimsFn f v'
+traverseExprM (DimFn f v e) = do
+    v' <- traverseTypeOrExprM v
+    return $ DimFn f v' e
+traverseExprM other = return other
 
-convertTypedef :: Types -> ModuleItem -> ModuleItem
-convertTypedef types =
-    removeTypedef .
-    convertModuleItem .
-    (traverseExprs $ traverseNestedExprs $ convertExpr) .
-    (traverseTypes $ resolveType types)
-    where
-        removeTypedef :: ModuleItem -> ModuleItem
-        removeTypedef (MIPackageItem (Typedef _ x)) =
-            MIPackageItem $ Decl $ CommentDecl $ "removed typedef: " ++ x
-        removeTypedef other = other
-        convertTypeOrExpr :: TypeOrExpr -> TypeOrExpr
-        convertTypeOrExpr (Left (TypeOf (Ident x))) =
-            if Map.member x types
-                then Left $ resolveType types (Alias Nothing x [])
-                else Left $ TypeOf (Ident x)
-        convertTypeOrExpr (Right (Ident x)) =
-            if Map.member x types
-                then Left $ resolveType types (Alias Nothing x [])
-                else Right $ Ident x
-        convertTypeOrExpr other = other
-        convertExpr :: Expr -> Expr
-        convertExpr (Cast v e) = Cast (convertTypeOrExpr v) e
-        convertExpr (DimsFn f v) = DimsFn f (convertTypeOrExpr v)
-        convertExpr (DimFn f v e) = DimFn f (convertTypeOrExpr v) e
-        convertExpr other = other
-        convertModuleItem :: ModuleItem -> ModuleItem
-        convertModuleItem (Instance m params x rs p) =
-            Instance m (map mapParam params) x rs p
-            where mapParam (i, v) = (i, convertTypeOrExpr v)
-        convertModuleItem other = other
+traverseModuleItemM :: ModuleItem -> Scoper Type ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItemM (MIPackageItem (Typedef t x)) = do
+    t' <- traverseNestedTypesM traverseTypeM t
+    insertElem x t'
+    return $ Generate []
+traverseModuleItemM (Instance m params x rs p) = do
+    let mapParam (i, v) = traverseTypeOrExprM v >>= \v' -> return (i, v')
+    params' <- mapM mapParam params
+    traverseModuleItemM' $ Instance m params' x rs p
+traverseModuleItemM item = traverseModuleItemM' item
 
-convertGenItem :: GenItem -> GenItem
-convertGenItem (GenIf c a b) =
-    GenIf c a' b'
-    where
-        a' = convertGenItem' a
-        b' = convertGenItem' b
-convertGenItem other = other
+traverseModuleItemM' :: ModuleItem -> Scoper Type ModuleItem
+traverseModuleItemM' =
+    traverseTypesM traverseTypeM >=>
+    traverseExprsM (traverseNestedExprsM traverseExprM)
 
-convertGenItem' :: GenItem -> GenItem
-convertGenItem' item = do
-    GenBlock "" items
-    where
-        -- convert inner generate blocks first
-        item' = Generate [traverseNestedGenItems convertGenItem item]
-        types = execWriter $ collectNestedModuleItemsM collectTypedefM item'
-        Generate items = traverseNestedModuleItems (convertTypedef types) item'
+traverseGenItemM :: GenItem -> Scoper Type GenItem
+traverseGenItemM = traverseGenItemExprsM (traverseNestedExprsM traverseExprM)
 
-collectTypedefM :: ModuleItem -> Writer Types ()
-collectTypedefM (MIPackageItem (Typedef a b)) = tell $ Map.singleton b a
-collectTypedefM _ = return ()
+traverseDeclM :: Decl -> Scoper Type Decl
+traverseDeclM decl = do
+    item <- traverseModuleItemM (MIPackageItem $ Decl decl)
+    let MIPackageItem (Decl decl') = item
+    case decl' of
+        Variable{} -> return decl'
+        Param{} -> return decl'
+        ParamType{} -> return decl'
+        CommentDecl{} -> return decl'
 
-resolveItem :: Types -> (Type, Identifier) -> (Type, Identifier)
-resolveItem types (t, x) = (resolveType types t, x)
+traverseStmtM :: Stmt -> Scoper Type Stmt
+traverseStmtM =
+    traverseStmtExprsM $ traverseNestedExprsM $
+    traverseExprTypesM traverseTypeM >=> traverseExprM
 
-resolveType :: Types -> Type -> Type
-resolveType _ (Net           kw sg rs) = Net           kw sg rs
-resolveType _ (Implicit         sg rs) = Implicit         sg rs
-resolveType _ (IntegerVector kw sg rs) = IntegerVector kw sg rs
-resolveType _ (IntegerAtom   kw sg   ) = IntegerAtom   kw sg
-resolveType _ (NonInteger    kw      ) = NonInteger    kw
-resolveType _ (InterfaceT     x my rs) = InterfaceT     x my rs
-resolveType _ (Alias (Just ps)  st rs) = Alias (Just ps)  st rs
-resolveType _ (TypeOf            expr) = TypeOf            expr
-resolveType _ (UnpackedType  t     rs) = UnpackedType  t     rs
-resolveType types (Enum   t vals  rs) = Enum (resolveType types t) vals rs
-resolveType types (Struct p items rs) = Struct p (map (resolveItem types) items) rs
-resolveType types (Union  p items rs) = Union  p (map (resolveItem types) items) rs
-resolveType types (Alias Nothing st rs1) =
-    if Map.notMember st types
-    then Alias Nothing st rs1
-    else case resolveType types $ types Map.! st of
-        (Net           kw sg rs2) -> Net           kw sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (Implicit         sg rs2) -> Implicit         sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (IntegerVector kw sg rs2) -> IntegerVector kw sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (Enum            t v rs2) -> Enum            t v $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (Struct          p l rs2) -> Struct          p l $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (Union           p l rs2) -> Union           p l $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (InterfaceT     x my rs2) -> InterfaceT     x my $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (Alias          ps x rs2) -> Alias          ps x $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (UnpackedType  t     rs2) -> UnpackedType      t $ rs1 ++ rs2
-        (IntegerAtom   kw sg    ) -> nullRange (IntegerAtom kw sg) rs1
-        (NonInteger    kw       ) -> nullRange (NonInteger  kw   ) rs1
-        (TypeOf             expr) -> nullRange (TypeOf       expr) rs1
+traverseTypeM :: Type -> Scoper Type Type
+traverseTypeM (Alias Nothing st rs1) = do
+    details <- lookupIdentM st
+    return $ case details of
+        Nothing -> Alias Nothing st rs1
+        Just (_, _, typ) -> case typ of
+            Net           kw sg rs2 -> Net           kw sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            Implicit         sg rs2 -> Implicit         sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            IntegerVector kw sg rs2 -> IntegerVector kw sg $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            Enum            t v rs2 -> Enum            t v $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            Struct          p l rs2 -> Struct          p l $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            Union           p l rs2 -> Union           p l $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            InterfaceT     x my rs2 -> InterfaceT     x my $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            Alias          ps x rs2 -> Alias          ps x $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            UnpackedType  t     rs2 -> UnpackedType      t $ rs1 ++ rs2
+            IntegerAtom   kw sg     -> nullRange (IntegerAtom kw sg) rs1
+            NonInteger    kw        -> nullRange (NonInteger  kw   ) rs1
+            TypeOf             expr -> nullRange (TypeOf       expr) rs1
+traverseTypeM other = return other

sv2v.cabal

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ executable sv2v
     Convert.Package
     Convert.ParamType
     Convert.RemoveComments
+    Convert.Scoper
     Convert.SignCast
     Convert.Simplify
     Convert.SizeCast

test/basic/decl_scope.sv

+module top;
+    logic t;
+    initial $display("A t %0d", $bits(t));
+    initial $display("A top.t %0d", $bits(top.t));
+    generate
+        begin : X
+            logic [1:0] t;
+            initial $display("B t %0d", $bits(t));
+            initial $display("B top.t %0d", $bits(top.t));
+            initial $display("B X.t %0d", $bits(X.t));
+            initial $display("B top.X.t %0d", $bits(top.X.t));
+            begin : Y
+                logic [2:0] t;
+                initial $display("C t %0d", $bits(t));
+                initial $display("C top.t %0d", $bits(top.t));
+                initial $display("C X.t %0d", $bits(X.t));
+                initial $display("C top.X.t %0d", $bits(top.X.t));
+                initial $display("C Y.t %0d", $bits(Y.t));
+                initial $display("C X.Y.t %0d", $bits(X.Y.t));
+                initial $display("C top.X.Y.t %0d", $bits(top.X.Y.t));
+            end
+        end
+        for (genvar i = 0; i < 3; ++i) begin : Z
+            logic [i:0] t;
+        end
+    endgenerate
+    initial $display("A t %0d", $bits(t));
+    initial $display("A top.t %0d", $bits(top.t));
+    initial $display("A X.t %0d", $bits(X.t));
+    initial $display("A top.X.t %0d", $bits(top.X.t));
+    initial $display("A X.Y.t %0d", $bits(X.Y.t));
+    initial $display("A top.X.Y.t %0d", $bits(top.X.Y.t));
+    initial $display("A top.Z[0].t %0d", $bits(top.Z[0].t));
+    initial $display("A Z[0].t %0d", $bits(Z[0].t));
+    initial $display("A Z[1].t %0d", $bits(Z[1].t));
+    initial $display("A Z[2].t %0d", $bits(Z[2].t));
+
+    logic x;
+    initial begin
+        type(x) x [1:0];
+        type(x) y [2:0];
+        $display("size of x = %0d", $bits(x));
+        $display("size of y = %0d", $bits(y));
+    end
+
+    logic [2:0][3:0] arr;
+    generate
+        begin : M
+            logic [3:0][4:0] arr;
+            initial $display("M arr[0] = %b", arr[0]);
+            initial $display("M M.arr[0] = %b", M.arr[0]);
+            initial $display("M top.arr[0] = %b", top.arr[0]);
+        end
+    endgenerate
+    initial $display("arr[0] = %b", arr[0]);
+    initial $display("M.arr[0] = %b", M.arr[0]);
+    initial $display("top.arr[0] = %b", top.arr[0]);
+
+    localparam arr2 [2][3] = '{
+        '{1'b0, 1'b1, 1'b1},
+        '{1'b1, 1'b0, 1'b0}
+    };
+    for (genvar i = 0 ; i < 2 ; ++i) begin
+        for (genvar j = 0 ; j < 3 ; ++j) begin
+            localparam value = arr2[i][j];
+            initial $display("%0d %0d %0d", i, j, value);
+        end
+    end
+endmodule

test/basic/decl_scope.v

+module top;
+    wire t;
+    initial $display("A t %0d", 1);
+    initial $display("A top.t %0d", 1);
+    generate
+        begin : X
+            wire [1:0] t;
+            initial $display("B t %0d", 2);
+            initial $display("B top.t %0d", 1);
+            initial $display("B X.t %0d", 2);
+            initial $display("B top.X.t %0d", 2);
+            begin : Y
+                wire [2:0] t;
+                initial $display("C t %0d", 3);
+                initial $display("C top.t %0d", 1);
+                initial $display("C X.t %0d", 2);
+                initial $display("C top.X.t %0d", 2);
+                initial $display("C Y.t %0d", 3);
+                initial $display("C X.Y.t %0d", 3);
+                initial $display("C top.X.Y.t %0d", 3);
+            end
+        end
+        genvar i;
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; i = i + 1) begin : Z
+            wire [i:0] t;
+        end
+    endgenerate
+    initial $display("A t %0d", 1);
+    initial $display("A top.t %0d", 1);
+    initial $display("A X.t %0d", 2);
+    initial $display("A top.X.t %0d", 2);
+    initial $display("A X.Y.t %0d", 3);
+    initial $display("A top.X.Y.t %0d", 3);
+    initial $display("A top.Z[0].t %0d", 1);
+    initial $display("A Z[0].t %0d", 1);
+    initial $display("A Z[1].t %0d", 2);
+    initial $display("A Z[2].t %0d", 3);
+
+    wire x;
+    initial begin : name
+        reg [1:0] x;
+        reg [5:0] y;
+        $display("size of x = %0d", $bits(x));
+        $display("size of y = %0d", $bits(y));
+    end
+
+    wire [11:0] arr;
+    generate
+        begin : M
+            wire [19:0] arr;
+            initial $display("M arr[0] = %b", arr[4:0]);
+            initial $display("M M.arr[0] = %b", M.arr[4:0]);
+            initial $display("M top.arr[0] = %b", top.arr[3:0]);
+        end
+    endgenerate
+    initial $display("arr[0] = %b", arr[3:0]);
+    initial $display("M.arr[0] = %b", M.arr[4:0]);
+    initial $display("top.arr[0] = %b", top.arr[3:0]);
+
+    localparam [0:5] arr2 = 6'b011100;
+    generate
+        genvar j;
+        for (i = 0 ; i < 2 ; i = i + 1) begin
+            for (j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j = j + 1) begin
+                localparam value = arr2[i * 3 + j];
+                initial $display("%0d %0d %0d", i, j, value);
+            end
+        end
+    endgenerate
+endmodule

test/basic/struct_scope.sv

+module top;
+    typedef struct packed {
+        logic x;
+        logic [1:0] y;
+    } A;
+    typedef struct packed {
+        logic [2:0] x;
+        logic [3:0] y;
+    } B;
+    typedef struct packed {
+        logic [4:0] x;
+        logic [5:0] y;
+        B z;
+    } C;
+
+    A a;
+    B b;
+    C c;
+
+    generate
+        begin : foo
+            typedef struct packed {
+                logic [6:0] x;
+                logic [7:0] y;
+            } B;
+            typedef struct packed {
+                logic [8:0] x;
+                logic [9:0] y;
+                B z;
+            } D;
+
+            A a;
+            B b;
+            C c;
+            D d;
+        end
+    endgenerate
+
+`define INSPECT_SIZE(expr) $display(`"expr -> %0d`", $bits(expr));
+`define INSPECT_DATA(expr) $display(`"expr -> %b`", expr);
+    initial begin
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.y);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.y);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.y);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z.x);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z.y);
+
+        `INSPECT_DATA(a);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(b);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(c);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.a);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.b);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.c);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.d);
+    end
+endmodule

test/basic/struct_scope.v

+module top;
+    wire [2:0] a;
+    wire [6:0] b;
+    wire [17:0] c;
+
+    generate
+        begin : foo
+            wire [2:0] a;
+            wire [14:0] b;
+            wire [17:0] c;
+            wire [33:0] d;
+        end
+    endgenerate
+
+`define INSPECT_SIZE(expr, size) $display(`"expr -> %0d`", size);
+`define INSPECT_DATA(expr) $display(`"expr -> %b`", expr);
+    initial begin
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a, 3);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a.x, 1);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(a.y, 2);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b, 7);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b.x, 3);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(b.y, 4);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c, 18);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.x, 5);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.y, 6);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z, 7);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z.x, 3);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(c.z.y, 4);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a, 3);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a.x, 1);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.a.y, 2);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b, 15);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b.x, 7);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.b.y, 8);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c, 18);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.x, 5);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.y, 6);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z, 7);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z.x, 3);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.c.z.y, 4);
+
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d, 34);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.x, 9);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.y, 10);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z, 15);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z.x, 7);
+        `INSPECT_SIZE(foo.d.z.y, 8);
+
+        `INSPECT_DATA(a);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(b);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(c);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.a);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.b);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.c);
+        `INSPECT_DATA(foo.d);
+    end
+endmodule

test/basic/struct_shadow.sv

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ module top;
         input StructA b;
         input StructB c;
         input StructC d;
+        integer unused;
         input StructD e;
         input StructE f;
         $display("F: %1d%1d%1d -> ", i,j,k, a,b,c,d,e,f);