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riscv-gcc-1
Commit ff6fe7a1 by Jeff Sturm
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This commit was generated by cvs2svn to compensate for changes in r69874, 

which included commits to RCS files with non-trunk default branches.

From-SVN: r69875
parent 6991c6c9
Showing with 236 additions and 70 deletions
boehm-gc/backgraph.c
......@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ static void add_back_edges(ptr_t p, word n_words, word gc_descr)
}
while (currentp < (word *)(p + gc_descr)) {
word current = *currentp++;
FIXUP_POINTER(current);
if (current >= (word)GC_least_plausible_heap_addr &&
current <= (word)GC_greatest_plausible_heap_addr) {
ptr_t target = GC_base((GC_PTR)current);
......
boehm-gc/doc/README.ews4800
......@@ -73,3 +73,9 @@ GC on EWS4800
--
Hironori SAKAMOTO <hsaka@mth.biglobe.ne.jp>
When using the new "configure; make" build process, please
run configure with the --disable-shared option. "Make check" does not
yet pass with dynamic libraries. Ther reasons for that are not yet
understood. (HB, paraphrasing message from Hironori SAKAMOTO.)
boehm-gc/doc/README.macros
......@@ -51,7 +51,18 @@ _DLL Defined by Visual C++ if dynamic libraries are being built
__declspec(dllexport) needs to be added to declarations
to support the case in which the collector is in a dll.
GC_DLL User-settable macro that forces the effect of _DLL.
GC_DLL User-settable macro that forces the effect of _DLL. Set
by gc.h if _DLL is defined and GC_NOT_DLL is undefined.
This is the macro that is tested internally to determine
whether the GC is in its own dynamic library. May need
to be set by clients before including gc.h. Note that
inside the GC implementation it indicates that the
collector is in its own dynamic library, should export
its symbols, etc. But in clients it indicates that the
GC resides in a different DLL, its entry points should
be referenced accordingly, and precautions may need to
be taken to properly deal with statically allocated
variables in the main program. Used only for MS Windows.
GC_NOT_DLL User-settable macro that overrides _DLL, e.g. if dynamic
libraries are used, but the collector is in a static library.
......
boehm-gc/doc/gcdescr.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Conservative GC Algorithmic Overview </TITLE>
<AUTHOR> Hans-J. Boehm, Silicon Graphics</author>
<AUTHOR> Hans-J. Boehm, HP Labs (Much of this was written at SGI)</author>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> <I>This is under construction</i> </h1>
......@@ -96,20 +96,24 @@ typically on the order of the page size.
<P>
Large block sizes are rounded up to
the next multiple of <TT>HBLKSIZE</tt> and then allocated by
<TT>GC_allochblk</tt>. This uses roughly what Paul Wilson has termed
a "next fit" algorithm, i.e. first-fit with a rotating pointer.
The implementation does check for a better fitting immediately
adjacent block, which gives it somewhat better fragmentation characteristics.
I'm now convinced it should use a best fit algorithm. The actual
<TT>GC_allochblk</tt>. Recent versions of the collector
use an approximate best fit algorithm by keeping free lists for
several large block sizes.
The actual
implementation of <TT>GC_allochblk</tt>
is significantly complicated by black-listing issues
(see below).
<P>
Small blocks are allocated in blocks of size <TT>HBLKSIZE</tt>.
Each block is
Small blocks are allocated in chunks of size <TT>HBLKSIZE</tt>.
Each chunk is
dedicated to only one object size and kind. The allocator maintains
separate free lists for each size and kind of object.
<P>
Once a large block is split for use in smaller objects, it can only
be used for objects of that size, unless the collector discovers a completely
empty chunk. Completely empty chunks are restored to the appropriate
large block free list.
<P>
In order to avoid allocating blocks for too many distinct object sizes,
the collector normally does not directly allocate objects of every possible
request size. Instead request are rounded up to one of a smaller number
......@@ -139,27 +143,35 @@ expand the heap. Otherwise, we initiate a garbage collection. This ensures
that the amount of garbage collection work per allocated byte remains
constant.
<P>
The above is in fat an oversimplification of the real heap expansion
heuristic, which adjusts slightly for root size and certain kinds of
fragmentation. In particular, programs with a large root set size and
The above is in fact an oversimplification of the real heap expansion
and GC triggering heuristic, which adjusts slightly for root size
and certain kinds of
fragmentation. In particular:
<UL>
<LI> Programs with a large root set size and
little live heap memory will expand the heap to amortize the cost of
scanning the roots.
<P>
Versions 5.x of the collector actually collect more frequently in
scanning the roots.
<LI> Versions 5.x of the collector actually collect more frequently in
nonincremental mode. The large block allocator usually refuses to split
large heap blocks once the garbage collection threshold is
reached. This often has the effect of collecting well before the
heap fills up, thus reducing fragmentation and working set size at the
expense of GC time. 6.x will chose an intermediate strategy depending
expense of GC time. Versions 6.x choose an intermediate strategy depending
on how much large object allocation has taken place in the past.
(If the collector is configured to unmap unused pages, versions 6.x
will use the 5.x strategy.)
<P>
(It has been suggested that this should be adjusted so that we favor
use the 5.x strategy.)
<LI> In calculating the amount of allocation since the last collection we
give partial credit for objects we expect to be explicitly deallocated.
Even if all objects are explicitly managed, it is often desirable to collect
on rare occasion, since that is our only mechanism for coalescing completely
empty chunks.
</ul>
<P>
It has been suggested that this should be adjusted so that we favor
expansion if the resulting heap still fits into physical memory.
In many cases, that would no doubt help. But it is tricky to do this
in a way that remains robust if multiple application are contending
for a single pool of physical memory.)
for a single pool of physical memory.
<H2>Mark phase</h2>
......@@ -204,7 +216,7 @@ changes to
<LI> <TT>MS_NONE</tt> indicating that reachable objects are marked.
</ol>
The core mark routine <TT>GC_mark_from_mark_stack</tt>, is called
The core mark routine <TT>GC_mark_from</tt>, is called
repeatedly by several of the sub-phases when the mark stack starts to fill
up. It is also called repeatedly in <TT>MS_ROOTS_PUSHED</tt> state
to empty the mark stack.
......@@ -213,6 +225,12 @@ each call, so that it can also be used by the incremental collector.
It is fairly carefully tuned, since it usually consumes a large majority
of the garbage collection time.
<P>
The fact that it perform a only a small amount of work per call also
allows it to be used as the core routine of the parallel marker. In that
case it is normally invoked on thread-private mark stacks instead of the
global mark stack. More details can be found in
<A HREF="scale.html">scale.html</a>
<P>
The marker correctly handles mark stack overflows. Whenever the mark stack
overflows, the mark state is reset to <TT>MS_INVALID</tt>.
Since there are already marked objects in the heap,
......@@ -281,7 +299,8 @@ Unmarked large objects are immediately returned to the large object free list.
Each small object page is checked to see if all mark bits are clear.
If so, the entire page is returned to the large object free list.
Small object pages containing some reachable object are queued for later
sweeping.
sweeping, unless we determine that the page contains very little free
space, in which case it is not examined further.
<P>
This initial sweep pass touches only block headers, not
the blocks themselves. Thus it does not require significant paging, even
......@@ -341,12 +360,16 @@ object itself becomes marked, we have uncovered
a cycle involving the object. This usually results in a warning from the
collector. Such objects are not finalized, since it may be
unsafe to do so. See the more detailed
<A HREF="finalization.html"> discussion of finalization semantics</a>.
<A HREF="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/finalization.html"> discussion of finalization semantics</a>.
<P>
Any objects remaining unmarked at the end of this process are added to
a queue of objects whose finalizers can be run. Depending on collector
configuration, finalizers are dequeued and run either implicitly during
allocation calls, or explicitly in response to a user request.
(Note that the former is unfortunately both the default and not generally safe.
If finalizers perform synchronization, it may result in deadlocks.
Nontrivial finalizers generally need to perform synchronization, and
thus require a different collector configuration.)
<P>
The collector provides a mechanism for replacing the procedure that is
used to mark through objects. This is used both to provide support for
......@@ -354,13 +377,14 @@ Java-style unordered finalization, and to ignore certain kinds of cycles,
<I>e.g.</i> those arising from C++ implementations of virtual inheritance.
<H2>Generational Collection and Dirty Bits</h2>
We basically use the parallel and generational GC algorithm described in
<A HREF="papers/pldi91.ps.gz">"Mostly Parallel Garbage Collection"</a>,
We basically use the concurrent and generational GC algorithm described in
<A HREF="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/papers/pldi91.ps.Z">"Mostly Parallel Garbage Collection"</a>,
by Boehm, Demers, and Shenker.
<P>
The most significant modification is that
the collector always runs in the allocating thread.
There is no separate garbage collector thread.
the collector always starts running in the allocating thread.
There is no separate garbage collector thread. (If parallel GC is
enabled, helper threads may also be woken up.)
If an allocation attempt either requests a large object, or encounters
an empty small object free list, and notices that there is a collection
in progress, it immediately performs a small amount of marking work
......@@ -389,50 +413,108 @@ cannot be satisfied from small object free lists. When marking completes,
the set of modified pages is retrieved, and we mark once again from
marked objects on those pages, this time with the mutator stopped.
<P>
We keep track of modified pages using one of three distinct mechanisms:
We keep track of modified pages using one of several distinct mechanisms:
<OL>
<LI>
Through explicit mutator cooperation. Currently this requires
the use of <TT>GC_malloc_stubborn</tt>.
the use of <TT>GC_malloc_stubborn</tt>, and is rarely used.
<LI>
By write-protecting physical pages and catching write faults. This is
(<TT>MPROTECT_VDB</tt>) By write-protecting physical pages and
catching write faults. This is
implemented for many Unix-like systems and for win32. It is not possible
in a few environments.
<LI>
By retrieving dirty bit information from /proc. (Currently only Sun's
(<TT>PROC_VDB</tt>) By retrieving dirty bit information from /proc.
(Currently only Sun's
Solaris supports this. Though this is considerably cleaner, performance
may actually be better with mprotect and signals.)
<LI>
(<TT>PCR_VDB</tt>) By relying on an external dirty bit implementation, in this
case the one in Xerox PCR.
<LI>
(<TT>DEFAULT_VDB</tt>) By treating all pages as dirty. This is the default if
none of the other techniques is known to be usable, and
<TT>GC_malloc_stubborn</tt> is not used. Practical only for testing, or if
the vast majority of objects use <TT>GC_malloc_stubborn</tt>.
</ol>
<H2>Black-listing</h2>
The collector implements <I>black-listing</i> of pages, as described
in
<A HREF="http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/155090/p197-boehm/">
Boehm, ``Space Efficient Conservative Collection'', PLDI '93</a>, also available
<A HREF="papers/pldi93.ps.Z">here</a>.
<P>
During the mark phase, the collector tracks ``near misses'', i.e. attempts
to follow a ``pointer'' to just outside the garbage-collected heap, or
to a currently unallocated page inside the heap. Pages that have been
the targets of such near misses are likely to be the targets of
misidentified ``pointers'' in the future. To minimize the future
damage caused by such misidentifications they will be allocated only to
small pointerfree objects.
<P>
The collector understands two different kinds of black-listing. A
page may be black listed for interior pointer references
(<TT>GC_add_to_black_list_stack</tt>), if it was the target of a near
miss from a location that requires interior pointer recognition,
<I>e.g.</i> the stack, or the heap if <TT>GC_all_interior_pointers</tt>
is set. In this case, we also avoid allocating large blocks that include
this page.
<P>
If the near miss came from a source that did not require interior
pointer recognition, it is black-listed with
<TT>GC_add_to_black_list_normal</tt>.
A page black-listed in this way may appear inside a large object,
so long as it is not the first page of a large object.
<P>
The <TT>GC_allochblk</tt> routine respects black-listing when assigning
a block to a particular object kind and size. It occasionally
drops (i.e. allocates and forgets) blocks that are completely black-listed
in order to avoid excessively long large block free lists containing
only unusable blocks. This would otherwise become an issue
if there is low demand for small pointerfree objects.
<H2>Thread support</h2>
We support several different threading models. Unfortunately Pthreads,
the only reasonably well standardized thread model, supports too narrow
an interface for conservative garbage collection. There appears to be
no portable way to allow the collector to coexist with various Pthreads
no completely portable way to allow the collector to coexist with various Pthreads
implementations. Hence we currently support only a few of the more
common Pthreads implementations.
<P>
In particular, it is very difficult for the collector to stop all other
threads in the system and examine the register contents. This is currently
accomplished with very different mechanisms for different Pthreads
accomplished with very different mechanisms for some Pthreads
implementations. The Solaris implementation temporarily disables much
of the user-level threads implementation by stopping kernel-level threads
("lwp"s). The Irix implementation sends signals to individual Pthreads
and has them wait in the signal handler. The Linux implementation
is similar in spirit to the Irix one.
("lwp"s). The Linux/HPUX/OSF1 and Irix implementations sends signals to
individual Pthreads and has them wait in the signal handler.
<P>
The Irix implementation uses
only documented Pthreads calls, but relies on extensions to their semantics,
notably the use of mutexes and condition variables from signal
handlers. The Linux implementation should be far closer to
portable, though impirically it is not completely portable.
The Linux and Irix implementations use
only documented Pthreads calls, but rely on extensions to their semantics.
The Linux implementation <TT>linux_threads.c</tt> relies on only very
mild extensions to the pthreads semantics, and already supports a large number
of other Unix-like pthreads implementations. Our goal is to make this the
only pthread support in the collector.
<P>
(The Irix implementation is separate only for historical reasons and should
clearly be merged. The current Solaris implementation probably performs
better in the uniprocessor case, but does not support thread operations in the
collector. Hence it cannot support the parallel marker.)
<P>
All implementations must
intercept thread creation and a few other thread-specific calls to allow
enumeration of threads and location of thread stacks. This is current
accomplished with <TT># define</tt>'s in <TT>gc.h</tt>, or optionally
accomplished with <TT># define</tt>'s in <TT>gc.h</tt>
(really <TT>gc_pthread_redirects.h</tt>), or optionally
by using ld's function call wrapping mechanism under Linux.
<P>
Comments are appreciated. Please send mail to
<A HREF="mailto:boehm@acm.org"><TT>boehm@acm.org</tt></a>
<A HREF="mailto:boehm@acm.org"><TT>boehm@acm.org</tt></a> or
<A HREF="mailto:Hans.Boehm@hp.com"><TT>Hans.Boehm@hp.com</tt></a>
<P>
This is a modified copy of a page written while the author was at SGI.
The original was <A HREF="http://reality.sgi.com/boehm/gcdescr.html">here</a>.
</body>
</html>
boehm-gc/doc/tree.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Two-Level Tree Structure for Fast Pointer Lookup</TITLE>
<AUTHOR> Hans-J. Boehm, Silicon Graphics</author>
<AUTHOR> Hans-J. Boehm, Silicon Graphics (now at HP)</author>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Two-Level Tree Structure for Fast Pointer Lookup</h1>
<P>
The conservative garbage collector described
<A HREF="gc.html">here</a> uses a 2-level tree
<A HREF="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/">here</a>
uses a 2-level tree
data structure to aid in fast pointer identification.
This data structure is described in a bit more detail here, since
<OL>
......
boehm-gc/install-sh
......@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ then
echo "install: no input file specified"
exit 1
else
true
:
fi
if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ]; then
......@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ]; then
instcmd=:
chmodcmd=""
else
instcmd=mkdir
instcmd=$mkdirprog
fi
else
......@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ else
if [ -f $src -o -d $src ]
then
true
:
else
echo "install: $src does not exist"
exit 1
......@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ else
echo "install: no destination specified"
exit 1
else
true
:
fi
# If destination is a directory, append the input filename; if your system
......@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ else
then
dst="$dst"/`basename $src`
else
true
:
fi
fi
......@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ dstdir=`echo $dst | sed -e 's,[^/]*$,,;s,/$,,;s,^$,.,'`
# Skip lots of stat calls in the usual case.
if [ ! -d "$dstdir" ]; then
defaultIFS='
'
defaultIFS='
'
IFS="${IFS-${defaultIFS}}"
oIFS="${IFS}"
......@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do
then
$mkdirprog "${pathcomp}"
else
true
:
fi
pathcomp="${pathcomp}/"
......@@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ if [ x"$dir_arg" != x ]
then
$doit $instcmd $dst &&
if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dst; else true ; fi &&
if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dst; else true ; fi &&
if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dst; else true ; fi &&
if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dst; else true ; fi
if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dst; else : ; fi &&
if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dst; else : ; fi &&
if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dst; else : ; fi &&
if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dst; else : ; fi
else
# If we're going to rename the final executable, determine the name now.
......@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ else
then
dstfile=`basename $dst`
else
true
:
fi
# Make a temp file name in the proper directory.
......@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ else
# ignore errors from any of these, just make sure not to ignore
# errors from the above "$doit $instcmd $src $dsttmp" command.
if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dsttmp; else true;fi &&
if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi &&
if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi &&
if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dsttmp; else true;fi &&
if [ x"$chowncmd" != x ]; then $doit $chowncmd $dsttmp; else :;fi &&
if [ x"$chgrpcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chgrpcmd $dsttmp; else :;fi &&
if [ x"$stripcmd" != x ]; then $doit $stripcmd $dsttmp; else :;fi &&
if [ x"$chmodcmd" != x ]; then $doit $chmodcmd $dsttmp; else :;fi &&
# Now rename the file to the real destination.
......
boehm-gc/libtool.m4
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
boehm-gc/mkinstalldirs
......@@ -2,29 +2,90 @@
# mkinstalldirs --- make directory hierarchy
# Author: Noah Friedman <friedman@prep.ai.mit.edu>
# Created: 1993-05-16
# Last modified: 1994-03-25
# Public domain
# $Id: mkinstalldirs,v 1.13 1999/01/05 03:18:55 bje Exp $
errstatus=0
dirmode=""
usage="\
Usage: mkinstalldirs [-h] [--help] [-m mode] dir ..."
# process command line arguments
while test $# -gt 0 ; do
case "${1}" in
-h | --help | --h* ) # -h for help
echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 0 ;;
-m ) # -m PERM arg
shift
test $# -eq 0 && { echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 1; }
dirmode="${1}"
shift ;;
-- ) shift; break ;; # stop option processing
-* ) echo "${usage}" 1>&2; exit 1 ;; # unknown option
* ) break ;; # first non-opt arg
esac
done
for file
do
if test -d "$file"; then
shift
else
break
fi
done
case $# in
0) exit 0 ;;
esac
for file in ${1+"$@"} ; do
case $dirmode in
'')
if mkdir -p -- . 2>/dev/null; then
echo "mkdir -p -- $*"
exec mkdir -p -- "$@"
fi ;;
*)
if mkdir -m "$dirmode" -p -- . 2>/dev/null; then
echo "mkdir -m $dirmode -p -- $*"
exec mkdir -m "$dirmode" -p -- "$@"
fi ;;
esac
for file
do
set fnord `echo ":$file" | sed -ne 's/^:\//#/;s/^://;s/\// /g;s/^#/\//;p'`
shift
pathcomp=
for d in ${1+"$@"} ; do
for d
do
pathcomp="$pathcomp$d"
case "$pathcomp" in
-* ) pathcomp=./$pathcomp ;;
esac
if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then
echo "mkdir $pathcomp" 1>&2
mkdir "$pathcomp" > /dev/null 2>&1 || lasterr=$?
fi
echo "mkdir $pathcomp"
if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then
errstatus=$lasterr
mkdir "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$?
if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then
errstatus=$lasterr
else
if test ! -z "$dirmode"; then
echo "chmod $dirmode $pathcomp"
lasterr=""
chmod "$dirmode" "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$?
if test ! -z "$lasterr"; then
errstatus=$lasterr
fi
fi
fi
fi
pathcomp="$pathcomp/"
......@@ -33,4 +94,8 @@ done
exit $errstatus
# Local Variables:
# mode: shell-script
# sh-indentation: 3
# End:
# mkinstalldirs ends here
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