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%%
%% IEEEtranS.bst
%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file
%% Sorting version of IEEEtran.bst
%% *** Not for normal IEEE work ***
%% Version 1.13 (2008/09/30)
%%
%% Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Michael Shell
%%
%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
%%
%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst (1985/1988)
%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
%%
%% Added sorting code is from plain.bst.
%%
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
%% and/or
%% http://www.ieee.org/
%%
%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%%
%% This is a numerical citation style.
%%
%%*************************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
%% of any information contained here.
%%
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
%% 2003/12/01 or later.
%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
%%
%% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
%% IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
%% IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
%%*************************************************************************
%
%
% Changelog:
%
% 1.10 (2002/09/27) Initial release
%
% 1.11 (2003/04/02)
% 1. Fixed bug with URLs containing underscores when using url.sty. Thanks
% to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
%
% 1.12 (2007/01/11)
% 1. Fixed bug with unwanted comma before "et al." when an entry contained
% more than two author names. Thanks to Pallav Gupta for reporting this.
% 2. Fixed bug with anomalous closing quote in tech reports that have a
% type, but without a number or address. Thanks to Mehrdad Mirreza for
% reporting this.
% 3. Use braces in \providecommand in begin.bib to better support
% latex2html. TeX style length assignments OK with recent versions
% of latex2html - 1.71 (2002/2/1) or later is strongly recommended.
% Use of the language field still causes trouble with latex2html.
% Thanks to Federico Beffa for reporting this.
% 4. Added IEEEtran.bst ID and version comment string to .bbl output.
% 5. Provide a \BIBdecl hook that allows the user to execute commands
% just prior to the first entry.
% 6. Use default urlstyle (is using url.sty) of "same" rather than rm to
% better work with a wider variety of bibliography styles.
% 7. Changed month abbreviations from Sept., July and June to Sep., Jul.,
% and Jun., respectively, as IEEE now does. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann
% for reporting this.
% 8. Control entry types should not be considered when calculating longest
% label width.
% 9. Added alias www for electronic/online.
% 10. Added CTLname_url_prefix control entry type.
%
% 1.13 (2008/09/30)
% 1. Fixed bug with edition number to ordinal conversion. Thanks to
% Michael Roland for reporting this and correcting the algorithm.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
%
%\makeatletter
%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
% \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
% \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
% \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
% \@esphack}
%\makeatother
%
% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
%
% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
% is not greater than this value!
% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
% used profusely.
FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #1000 }
% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
% code via a command such as:
% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
% of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #0 }
% The default name format control string.
FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
% The default URL prefix.
FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
% operate more quietly.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.13" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2008/09/30" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
FUNCTION {banner.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
{ "-- IEEEtranS.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
" (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
top$
"-- " bst.file.website *
top$
"-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
top$
"** Sorting version - not for normal IEEE work."
top$
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {completed.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
{ ""
top$
"Done."
top$
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
% the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
% six dash long sequence.
FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ENTRY
{ address
assignee
author
booktitle
chapter
day
dayfiled
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
intype
journal
key
language
month
monthfiled
nationality
note
number
organization
pages
paper
publisher
school
series
revision
title
type
url
volume
year
yearfiled
CTLuse_article_number
CTLuse_paper
CTLuse_forced_etal
CTLmax_names_forced_etal
CTLnames_show_etal
CTLuse_alt_spacing
CTLalt_stretch_factor
CTLdash_repeated_names
CTLname_format_string
CTLname_latex_cmd
CTLname_url_prefix
}
{}
{ label }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
punct.no punct.comma punct.period
prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
space.no space.normal space.large
prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
quote.no quote.close
prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
nline.no nline.newblock
status.cap cap.std
cap.no cap.yes}
INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
is.use.paper
is.forced.et.al
max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
is.use.alt.interword.spacing
is.dash.repeated.names}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
STRINGS { bibinfo
longest.label
oldname
s
t
ALTinterwordstretchfactor
name.format.string
name.latex.cmd
name.url.prefix}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
}
% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all",
% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
%
% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
% IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
%
% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
%
% CURRENT_ITEM
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM
%
% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
%
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
%
% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
%
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM,"
%
% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
%
% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
%
% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
%
% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
%
% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
% unbreakable space.
FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
{ #0 'punct.no :=
#1 'punct.comma :=
#2 'punct.period :=
#0 'space.no :=
#1 'space.normal :=
#2 'space.large :=
#0 'quote.no :=
#1 'quote.close :=
#0 'cap.no :=
#1 'cap.yes :=
#0 'nline.no :=
#1 'nline.newblock :=
}
FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
space.normal 'space.std :=
quote.no 'quote.std :=
nline.no 'nline.std :=
cap.no 'cap.std :=
}
FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
space.normal 'space.std :=
quote.no 'quote.std :=
nline.no 'nline.std :=
cap.yes 'cap.std :=
}
FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
space.no 'prev.status.space :=
quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
space.no 'this.status.space :=
quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}
FUNCTION {this.status.std}
{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
space.std 'this.status.space :=
quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
}
FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ { skip$ }
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
"yes" =
{ pop$ #1 }
{ duplicate$ "no" =
{ pop$ #0 }
{ "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
" in " * cite$ * warning$
#0
}
if$
}
if$
}
% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
% range of "0" to "9"
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}
% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
{ #0 'multiresult :=
{ duplicate$ #0 > }
{ #1 -
multiresult #10 +
'multiresult :=
}
while$
pop$
multiresult
}
% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
{ duplicate$
is.num
{ chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
{"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
" in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
#0
}
if$
}
% converts a string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
#1 'nameptr :=
#0 'numnames :=
{ nameptr namesleft > not }
{ duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
'numnames :=
nameptr #1 +
'nameptr :=
}
while$
pop$
numnames
}
% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
%
% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
% item.
%
% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
%
% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
% an empty item.
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ swap$
prev.status.punct punct.comma =
{ "," * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.punct punct.period =
{ add.period$ }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.quote quote.close =
{ "''" * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.space space.normal =
{ " " * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.space space.large =
{ large.space * }
{ skip$ }
if$
write$
prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
{ newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.warn}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ this.status.punct punct.no =
{ skip$ }
{ add.period$ }
if$
this.status.quote quote.close =
{ "''" * }
{ skip$ }
if$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
{ duplicate$
"}" * add.period$
#-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}
FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
{ name.latex.cmd
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
% IEEEtran.cls).
FUNCTION {select.language}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ language empty$ 'skip$
{ "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
{ pop$ }
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
and and and and and and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
% could be entered into the bibliography as:
% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
%
% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
% name string, in that order.
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
{ pop$ pop$ "" }
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ pop$ }
{ swap$ pop$ }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
{ swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
{ swap$ pop$ }
if$
}
if$
}
% IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
% three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups.
% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
% separation on the initial trigger).
FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
{ 't :=
""
#0 'numnames :=
large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
{ #0 'numnames :=
large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
}
if$
t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
numnames nameptr =
{ duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
large.number.separator swap$ * *
nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
while$
}
% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ large.number.separate
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
{ 's :=
oldname empty$
{ s 'oldname := s }
{ s oldname =
{ is.dash.repeated.names
{ repeated.name.dashes }
{ s 'oldname := s }
if$
}
{ s 'oldname := s }
if$
}
if$
}
% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
% two least significant digits determine the ordinal form.
FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
{ duplicate$ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.th * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.st * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
{ bbl.nd * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
{ bbl.rd * }
{ bbl.th * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
% to be scanned.
FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}
% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
FUNCTION {word.to.num}
{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" =
{ pop$ "1" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "second" =
{ pop$ "2" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "third" =
{ pop$ "3" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "fourth" =
{ pop$ "4" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "fifth" =
{ pop$ "5" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "sixth" =
{ pop$ "6" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "seventh" =
{ pop$ "7" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "eighth" =
{ pop$ "8" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "ninth" =
{ pop$ "9" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "tenth" =
{ pop$ "10" }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
% Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
% ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ extract.num
num.to.ordinal
}
{ word.to.num
duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ num.to.ordinal }
{ "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
" may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {start.entry}
{ newline$
"\bibitem{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
initialize.prev.this.status
}
% Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
% code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
% foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
% gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
% Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
% the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
% \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ "% Generated by IEEEtranS.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
write$ newline$
preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
write$ newline$
"\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
write$ newline$
"\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
write$ newline$
"\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
write$ newline$
"\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtranS.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
write$ newline$
"\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
write$ newline$
"\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
write$ newline$
"\else"
write$ newline$
"\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
write$ newline$
"\fi"
write$ newline$
"#2}}"
write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
write$ newline$
"\BIBdecl"
write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }
FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
{url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
{url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LONGEST LABEL PASS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
#1 'number.label :=
#0 'longest.label.width :=
}
FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
{ skip$ }
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
label width$ longest.label.width >
{ label 'longest.label :=
label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Lower Level Formats (used by higher level formats)
FUNCTION {format.address.org.or.pub.date}
{ 't :=
""
year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ skip$ }
if$
address empty$ t empty$ and
year empty$ and month empty$ and
{ skip$ }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
address "address" bibinfo.check *
t empty$
{ skip$ }
{ punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
space.large 'prev.status.space :=
address empty$
{ skip$ }
{ ": " * }
if$
t *
}
if$
year empty$ month empty$ and
{ skip$ }
{ t empty$ address empty$ and
{ skip$ }
{ ", " * }
if$
month empty$
{ year empty$
{ skip$ }
{ year "year" bibinfo.check * }
if$
}
{ month "month" bibinfo.check *
year empty$
{ skip$ }
{ " " * year "year" bibinfo.check * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
's :=
"" 't :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr
name.format.string
format.name$
bibinfo bibinfo.check
't :=
nameptr #1 >
{ nameptr num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al #1 + =
numnames max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
is.forced.et.al and and
{ "others" 't :=
#1 'namesleft :=
}
{ skip$ }
if$
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t do.name.latex.cmd * }
{ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
{ 't := }
{ pop$ }
if$
t "others" =
{ " " * bbl.etal emphasize * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
{ skip$ }
if$
bbl.and
space.word * t do.name.latex.cmd *
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ t do.name.latex.cmd }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
cap.status.std
} if$
}
%% Higher Level Formats
%% addresses/locations
FUNCTION {format.address}
{ address duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
%% author/editor names
FUNCTION {format.authors}{ author "author" format.names }
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ ", " *
get.bbl.editor
capitalize
*
}
if$
}
%% date
FUNCTION {format.date}
{
month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
"there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
if$
*
}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
swap$ 'skip$
{
swap$
" " * swap$
}
if$
*
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.date.electronic}
{ month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$
{ pop$ }
{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ *
this.to.prev.status
punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
space.normal 'this.status.space :=
quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}
if$
}
{ swap$
{ swap$ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ * }
{ "(" swap$ * ", " * swap$ * ")" * }
if$
this.to.prev.status
punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
space.normal 'this.status.space :=
quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}
if$
}
%% edition/title
% Note: IEEE considers the edition to be closely associated with
% the title of a book. So, in IEEEtran.bst the edition is normally handled
% within the formatting of the title. The format.edition function is
% retained here for possible future use.
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
convert.edition
status.cap
{ "t" }
{ "l" }
if$ change.case$
"edition" bibinfo.check
"~" * bbl.edition *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
% This is used to format the booktitle of a conference proceedings.
% Here we use the "intype" field to provide the user a way to
% override the word "in" (e.g., with things like "presented at")
% Use of intype stops the emphasis of the booktitle to indicate that
% we no longer mean the written conference proceedings, but the
% conference itself.
FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
select.language
intype missing$
{ emphasize
bbl.in " " *
}
{ intype " " * }
if$
swap$ *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
% This is used to format the booktitle of collection.
% Here the "intype" field is not supported, but "edition" is.
FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.edition}
{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
select.language
emphasize
edition empty$ 'skip$
{ ", " *
edition
convert.edition
"l" change.case$
* "~" * bbl.edition *
}
if$
bbl.in " " * swap$ *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.title}
{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
"t" change.case$
}
if$
"title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ quote.close 'this.status.quote :=
is.last.char.not.punct
{ punct.std 'this.status.punct := }
{ punct.no 'this.status.punct := }
if$
select.language
"``" swap$ *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.title.electronic}
{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
"t" change.case$
}
if$
"title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$
{ skip$ }
{ select.language }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.title.edition}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$
{ "empty title in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
select.language
emphasize
edition empty$ 'skip$
{ ", " *
edition
convert.edition
status.cap
{ "t" }
{ "l" }
if$
change.case$
* "~" * bbl.edition *
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.title}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
select.language
emphasize
}
if$
}
%% journal
FUNCTION {format.journal}
{ journal duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
select.language
emphasize
}
if$
}
%% how published
FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
%% institutions/organization/publishers/school
FUNCTION {format.institution}
{ institution duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.organization}
{ organization duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.address.org.or.pub.date }
FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date.nowarn}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
FUNCTION {format.address.organization.date}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
FUNCTION {format.school}
{ school duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
%% volume/number/series/chapter/pages
FUNCTION {format.volume}
{ volume empty.field.to.null.string
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
bbl.volume
status.cap
{ capitalize }
{ skip$ }
if$
swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
"volume" bibinfo.check
* *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number}
{ number empty.field.to.null.string
duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
status.cap
{ bbl.number capitalize }
{ bbl.number }
if$
swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
"number" bibinfo.check
* *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.if.use.for.article}
{ is.use.number.for.article
{ format.number }
{ "" }
if$
}
% IEEE does not seem to tie the series so closely with the volume
% and number as is done in other bibliography styles. Instead the
% series is treated somewhat like an extension of the title.
FUNCTION {format.series}
{ series empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
bbl.series " " *
series "series" bibinfo.check *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter}
{ chapter empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
type empty$
{ bbl.chapter }
{ type "l" change.case$
"type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
chapter tie.or.space.prefix
"chapter" bibinfo.check
* *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
% The intended use of format.paper is for paper numbers of inproceedings.
% The paper type can be overridden via the type field.
% We allow the type to be displayed even if the paper number is absent
% for things like "postdeadline paper"
FUNCTION {format.paper}
{ is.use.paper
{ paper empty$
{ type empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
type "type" bibinfo.check
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
type empty$
{ bbl.paper }
{ type "type" bibinfo.check }
if$
" " * paper
"paper" bibinfo.check
*
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
duplicate$ is.multiple.pages
{
bbl.pages swap$
n.dashify
}
{
bbl.page swap$
}
if$
tie.or.space.prefix
"pages" bibinfo.check
* *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
%% technical report number
FUNCTION {format.tech.report.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.status.std
type duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
bbl.techrep
}
{ skip$ }
if$
"type" bibinfo.check
swap$ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ }
{ tie.or.space.prefix * * }
if$
}
%% note
FUNCTION {format.note}
{ note empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
punct.period 'this.status.punct :=
note #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "{" =
{ skip$ }
{ status.cap
{ "u" }
{ "l" }
if$
change.case$
}
if$
note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}
if$
}
%% patent
FUNCTION {format.patent.date}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
year empty$
{ monthfiled duplicate$ empty$
{ "monthfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
{ "monthfiled" bibinfo.check }
if$
dayfiled duplicate$ empty$
{ "dayfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
{ "dayfiled" bibinfo.check
monthfiled empty$
{ "dayfiled without a monthfiled in " cite$ * warning$
*
}
{ " " swap$ * * }
if$
}
if$
yearfiled empty$
{ "no year or yearfiled in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ yearfiled "yearfiled" bibinfo.check
swap$
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ }
{ ", " * swap$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ month duplicate$ empty$
{ "month" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
{ "month" bibinfo.check }
if$
day duplicate$ empty$
{ "day" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
{ "day" bibinfo.check
month empty$
{ "day without a month in " cite$ * warning$
*
}
{ " " swap$ * * }
if$
}
if$
year "year" bibinfo.check
swap$
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ }
{ ", " * swap$ * }
if$
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
FUNCTION {format.patent.nationality.type.number}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
nationality duplicate$ empty$
{ "nationality" bibinfo.warn pop$ "" }
{ "nationality" bibinfo.check
duplicate$ "l" change.case$ "united states" =
{ pop$ bbl.patentUS }
{ skip$ }
if$
" " *
}
if$
type empty$
{ bbl.patent "type" bibinfo.check }
{ type "type" bibinfo.check }
if$
*
number duplicate$ empty$
{ "number" bibinfo.warn pop$ }
{ "number" bibinfo.check
large.number.separate
swap$ " " * swap$ *
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
%% standard
FUNCTION {format.organization.institution.standard.type.number}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
organization duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
institution duplicate$ empty$
{ "institution" bibinfo.warn }
{ "institution" bibinfo.warn " " * }
if$
}
{ "organization" bibinfo.warn " " * }
if$
type empty$
{ bbl.standard "type" bibinfo.check }
{ type "type" bibinfo.check }
if$
*
number duplicate$ empty$
{ "number" bibinfo.check pop$ }
{ "number" bibinfo.check
large.number.separate
swap$ " " * swap$ *
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
FUNCTION {format.revision}
{ revision empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
bbl.revision
revision tie.or.space.prefix
"revision" bibinfo.check
* *
cap.status.std
}
if$
}
%% thesis
FUNCTION {format.master.thesis.type}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
type empty$
{
bbl.mthesis
}
{
type "type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
FUNCTION {format.phd.thesis.type}
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
type empty$
{
bbl.phdthesis
}
{
type "type" bibinfo.check
}
if$
cap.status.std
}
%% URL
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
{ "" }
{ this.to.prev.status
this.status.std
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
name.url.prefix " " *
"\url{" * url * "}" *
punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
space.normal 'this.status.space :=
space.normal 'prev.status.space :=
quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY HANDLERS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Note: In many journals, IEEE (or the authors) tend not to show the number
% for articles, so the display of the number is controlled here by the
% switch "is.use.number.for.article"
FUNCTION {article}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.journal "journal" bibinfo.check "journal" output.warn
format.volume output
format.number.if.use.for.article output
format.pages output
format.date "year" output.warn
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
name.or.dash
format.book.title.edition output
format.series output
author empty$
{ skip$ }
{ format.editors output }
if$
format.address.publisher.date output
format.volume output
format.number output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {electronic}
{ std.status.using.period
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.date.electronic output
format.article.title.electronic output
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
empty.entry.warn
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
name.or.dash
format.book.title.edition output
format.series output
format.address.publisher.date output
format.volume output
format.number output
format.chapter output
format.pages output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.in.booktitle.edition "booktitle" output.warn
format.series output
format.editors output
format.address.publisher.date.nowarn output
format.volume output
format.number output
format.chapter output
format.pages output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.in.booktitle "booktitle" output.warn
format.series output
format.editors output
format.volume output
format.number output
publisher empty$
{ format.address.organization.date output }
{ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address.publisher.date output
}
if$
format.paper output
format.pages output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {manual}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.book.title.edition "title" output.warn
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.master.thesis.type output.nonnull
format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.warn
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {misc}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.article.title output
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.pages output
format.date output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
empty.entry.warn
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {patent}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.article.title output
format.patent.nationality.type.number output
format.patent.date output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
empty.entry.warn
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {periodical}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.editors output
name.or.dash
format.book.title "title" output.warn
format.series output
format.volume output
format.number output
format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.warn
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.phd.thesis.type output.nonnull
format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.date "year" output.warn
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.editors output
name.or.dash
format.book.title "title" output.warn
format.series output
format.volume output
format.number output
publisher empty$
{ format.address.organization.date output }
{ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
format.address.publisher.date output
}
if$
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {standard}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors output
name.or.dash
format.book.title "title" output.warn
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.organization.institution.standard.type.number output
format.revision output
format.date output
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
format.institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
format.tech.report.number output.nonnull
format.date "year" output.warn
format.note output
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ std.status.using.comma
start.entry
if.url.alt.interword.spacing
format.authors "author" output.warn
name.or.dash
format.article.title "title" output.warn
format.date output
format.note "note" output.warn
format.url output
fin.entry
if.url.std.interword.spacing
}
% The special entry type which provides the user interface to the
% BST controls
FUNCTION {IEEEtranBSTCTL}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
{ "** IEEEtran BST control entry " quote$ * cite$ * quote$ * " detected." *
top$
}
{ skip$ }
if$
CTLuse_article_number
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLuse_article_number
yes.no.to.int
'is.use.number.for.article :=
}
if$
CTLuse_paper
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLuse_paper
yes.no.to.int
'is.use.paper :=
}
if$
CTLuse_forced_etal
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLuse_forced_etal
yes.no.to.int
'is.forced.et.al :=
}
if$
CTLmax_names_forced_etal
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLmax_names_forced_etal
string.to.integer
'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
}
if$
CTLnames_show_etal
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLnames_show_etal
string.to.integer
'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
}
if$
CTLuse_alt_spacing
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLuse_alt_spacing
yes.no.to.int
'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
}
if$
CTLalt_stretch_factor
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLalt_stretch_factor
'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
"\renewcommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
write$ newline$
}
if$
CTLdash_repeated_names
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLdash_repeated_names
yes.no.to.int
'is.dash.repeated.names :=
}
if$
CTLname_format_string
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLname_format_string
'name.format.string :=
}
if$
CTLname_latex_cmd
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLname_latex_cmd
'name.latex.cmd :=
}
if$
CTLname_url_prefix
missing$
{ skip$ }
{ CTLname_url_prefix
'name.url.prefix :=
}
if$
num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
{ "CTLnames_show_etal cannot be greater than CTLmax_names_forced_etal in " cite$ * warning$
max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY ALIASES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {conference}{inproceedings}
FUNCTION {online}{electronic}
FUNCTION {internet}{electronic}
FUNCTION {webpage}{electronic}
FUNCTION {www}{electronic}
FUNCTION {default.type}{misc}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% MAIN PROGRAM %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
READ
EXECUTE {initialize.controls}
EXECUTE {initialize.status.constants}
EXECUTE {banner.message}
% BEGIN sort code based on that of plain.bst
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
{ s }
if$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ " " * }
{ skip$ }
if$
s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ ff{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ "et al" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.organization.institution.sort}
{ author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ institution empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, organization, institution or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 institution chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
{ key empty$
{ "_" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
{ author.editor.sort }
{ type$ "proceedings" =
type$ "periodical" =
or
{ editor.organization.sort }
{ type$ "manual" =
type$ "electronic" =
type$ "misc" =
or or
{ author.organization.sort }
{ type$ "standard" =
{ author.organization.institution.sort }
{ author.sort }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
" "
*
type$ "patent" =
{ year empty$
{ yearfiled }
{ year }
if$
}
{ year }
if$
empty.field.to.null.string sortify
*
" "
*
title empty.field.to.null.string
sort.format.title
*
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {presort}
SORT
% END sort code based on that of plain.bst
EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
ITERATE {call.type$}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
EXECUTE{completed.message}
%% That's all folks, mds.
NIPS2020/README.md 0 → 100644
# SymbolicLanguage
NIPS2020/main.tex
\documentclass{article} \documentclass{article}
% if you need to pass options to natbib, use, e.g.: % if you need to pass options to natbib, use, e.g.:
% \PassOptionsToPackage{numbers, compress}{natbib} \PassOptionsToPackage{numbers, compress}{natbib}
% before loading neurips_2020 % before loading neurips_2020
% ready for submission % ready for submission
% \usepackage{neurips_2020} %\usepackage{neurips_2020}
% to compile a preprint version, e.g., for submission to arXiv, add add the % to compile a preprint version, e.g., for submission to arXiv, add add the
% [preprint] option: % [preprint] option:
...@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ ...@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
\usepackage{nicefrac} % compact symbols for 1/2, etc. \usepackage{nicefrac} % compact symbols for 1/2, etc.
\usepackage{microtype} % microtypography \usepackage{microtype} % microtypography
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage[sort,nocompress]{cite}
%%Added by Du, Zidong %%Added by Du, Zidong
\usepackage{ifthen} \usepackage{ifthen}
...@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@ the neural networks of all agents in the training process. ...@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@ the neural networks of all agents in the training process.
\includegraphics{fig/occupy.pdf} \includegraphics{fig/occupy.pdf}
\rule[-.5cm]{0.5cm}{0.0cm}} \rule[-.5cm]{0.5cm}{0.0cm}}
\caption{(a) A referential game example~\cite{??}. (b) Training procedure.} \caption{(a) A referential game example~\cite{??}. (b) Training procedure.}
\label{fig:rg}
\end{figure} \end{figure}
Roughly, to evolve a symbolic language, previous works force the Roughly, to evolve a symbolic language, previous works force the
...@@ -206,363 +209,91 @@ communication without considering their intention. ...@@ -206,363 +209,91 @@ communication without considering their intention.
Second, Second,
In this paper, to achieve the naturally emergence of symbolic language among \textbf{SIC model.} To achieve the naturally emergence of symbolic language among
individual agents, we propose a novel Self-grounding-Introspection-Cooperation individual agents, we propose a novel Self-grounding-Introspection-Cooperation
(SIM) model. There are four key difference between SIC model and previous (SIM) model. There are four key difference between SIC model and previous
works. First, to the best of our knowledge, SIC is the first work to generate works.
symbolic language among \emph{individual} agents. Second, SIC is the first to First, to the best of our knowledge, SIC is the first work to generate
achieve the naturally emergence of symbolic language. symbolic language among \emph{individual} agents.
Second, SIC is the first to have symbolic language emerged naturally.
Third, SIC performs the communication based on the intention of agents, not by
forcing agents to communicate.
Fourth, xxxxx.
\section{The Self-grounding-Introspection-Cooperation Model} \section{The Self-grounding-Introspection-Cooperation Model}
In this section, we introduce the proposed Self-grounding-Introspection-Cooperation
(SIM) model in details.
\section{Experiments} \subsection{Design principles}
To achieve the goal of emerging symbolic language naturally among individual
\subsection{Methodology} agents, we decide to follow three key design principles.
\begin{itemize}[topsep=0cm,itemsep=0cm,leftmargin=0.3cm]
\subsection{Experimental Results} \item \textbf{Individual agents.}
\item \textbf{.}
\section{Related Work} \item \textbf{.}
\end{itemize}
\section{Conclusions}
\clearpage
\newpage
\section{Submission of papers to NeurIPS 2020}
NeurIPS requires electronic submissions. The electronic submission site is
\begin{center}
\url{https://cmt3.research.microsoft.com/NeurIPS2020/}
\end{center}
Please read the instructions below carefully and follow them faithfully.
\subsection{Style}
Papers to be submitted to NeurIPS 2020 must be prepared according to the
instructions presented here. Papers may only be up to eight pages long,
including figures. Additional pages \emph{containing only a section on the broader impact, acknowledgments and/or cited references} are allowed. Papers that exceed eight pages of content will not be reviewed, or in any other way considered for
presentation at the conference.
The margins in 2020 are the same as those in 2007, which allow for $\sim$$15\%$
more words in the paper compared to earlier years.
Authors are required to use the NeurIPS \LaTeX{} style files obtainable at the
NeurIPS website as indicated below. Please make sure you use the current files
and not previous versions. Tweaking the style files may be grounds for
rejection.
\subsection{Retrieval of style files}
The style files for NeurIPS and other conference information are available on
the World Wide Web at
\begin{center}
\url{http://www.neurips.cc/}
\end{center}
The file \verb+neurips_2020.pdf+ contains these instructions and illustrates the
various formatting requirements your NeurIPS paper must satisfy.
The only supported style file for NeurIPS 2020 is \verb+neurips_2020.sty+,
rewritten for \LaTeXe{}. \textbf{Previous style files for \LaTeX{} 2.09,
Microsoft Word, and RTF are no longer supported!}
The \LaTeX{} style file contains three optional arguments: \verb+final+, which
creates a camera-ready copy, \verb+preprint+, which creates a preprint for
submission to, e.g., arXiv, and \verb+nonatbib+, which will not load the
\verb+natbib+ package for you in case of package clash.
\paragraph{Preprint option}
If you wish to post a preprint of your work online, e.g., on arXiv, using the
NeurIPS style, please use the \verb+preprint+ option. This will create a
nonanonymized version of your work with the text ``Preprint. Work in progress.''
in the footer. This version may be distributed as you see fit. Please \textbf{do
not} use the \verb+final+ option, which should \textbf{only} be used for
papers accepted to NeurIPS.
At submission time, please omit the \verb+final+ and \verb+preprint+
options. This will anonymize your submission and add line numbers to aid
review. Please do \emph{not} refer to these line numbers in your paper as they
will be removed during generation of camera-ready copies.
The file \verb+neurips_2020.tex+ may be used as a ``shell'' for writing your
paper. All you have to do is replace the author, title, abstract, and text of
the paper with your own.
The formatting instructions contained in these style files are summarized in
Sections \ref{gen_inst}, \ref{headings}, and \ref{others} below.
\section{General formatting instructions}
\label{gen_inst}
The text must be confined within a rectangle 5.5~inches (33~picas) wide and
9~inches (54~picas) long. The left margin is 1.5~inch (9~picas). Use 10~point
type with a vertical spacing (leading) of 11~points. Times New Roman is the
preferred typeface throughout, and will be selected for you by default.
Paragraphs are separated by \nicefrac{1}{2}~line space (5.5 points), with no
indentation.
The paper title should be 17~point, initial caps/lower case, bold, centered
between two horizontal rules. The top rule should be 4~points thick and the
bottom rule should be 1~point thick. Allow \nicefrac{1}{4}~inch space above and
below the title to rules. All pages should start at 1~inch (6~picas) from the
top of the page.
For the final version, authors' names are set in boldface, and each name is
centered above the corresponding address. The lead author's name is to be listed
first (left-most), and the co-authors' names (if different address) are set to
follow. If there is only one co-author, list both author and co-author side by
side.
Please pay special attention to the instructions in Section \ref{others}
regarding figures, tables, acknowledgments, and references.
\section{Headings: first level}
\label{headings}
All headings should be lower case (except for first word and proper nouns),
flush left, and bold.
First-level headings should be in 12-point type.
\subsection{Headings: second level}
Second-level headings should be in 10-point type.
\subsubsection{Headings: third level}
Third-level headings should be in 10-point type.
\paragraph{Paragraphs} \begin{figure}
\centering
\fbox{\rule[-.5cm]{0.0cm}{4cm}
\includegraphics{fig/occupy.pdf}
\rule[-.5cm]{0.5cm}{0.0cm}}
\caption{The processing flow of SIC model.}
\label{fig:sic}
\end{figure}
There is also a \verb+\paragraph+ command available, which sets the heading in \subsection{SIC model}
bold, flush left, and inline with the text, with the heading followed by 1\,em
of space.
\section{Citations, figures, tables, references}
\label{others}
These instructions apply to everyone.
\subsection{Citations within the text}
The \verb+natbib+ package will be loaded for you by default. Citations may be
author/year or numeric, as long as you maintain internal consistency. As to the
format of the references themselves, any style is acceptable as long as it is
used consistently.
The documentation for \verb+natbib+ may be found at
\begin{center}
\url{http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/natnotes.pdf}
\end{center}
Of note is the command \verb+\citet+, which produces citations appropriate for
use in inline text. For example,
\begin{verbatim}
\citet{hasselmo} investigated\dots
\end{verbatim}
produces
\begin{quote}
Hasselmo, et al.\ (1995) investigated\dots
\end{quote}
If you wish to load the \verb+natbib+ package with options, you may add the Figure~\ref{fig:sic} shows the entire processing procedure in details.
following before loading the \verb+neurips_2020+ package:
\begin{verbatim}
\PassOptionsToPackage{options}{natbib}
\end{verbatim}
If \verb+natbib+ clashes with another package you load, you can add the optional \textbf{Self-grounding.}
argument \verb+nonatbib+ when loading the style file:
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[nonatbib]{neurips_2020}
\end{verbatim}
As submission is double blind, refer to your own published work in the third \textbf{Introspection.}
person. That is, use ``In the previous work of Jones et al.\ [4],'' not ``In our
previous work [4].'' If you cite your other papers that are not widely available
(e.g., a journal paper under review), use anonymous author names in the
citation, e.g., an author of the form ``A.\ Anonymous.''
\subsection{Footnotes} \textbf{Cooperation.}
Footnotes should be used sparingly. If you do require a footnote, indicate
footnotes with a number\footnote{Sample of the first footnote.} in the
text. Place the footnotes at the bottom of the page on which they appear.
Precede the footnote with a horizontal rule of 2~inches (12~picas).
Note that footnotes are properly typeset \emph{after} punctuation \subsection{Environment settings}
marks.\footnote{As in this example.}
\subsection{Figures}
\begin{figure} \subsection{The Language Game}
\centering
\fbox{\rule[-.5cm]{0cm}{4cm} \rule[-.5cm]{4cm}{0cm}}
\caption{Sample figure caption.}
\end{figure}
All artwork must be neat, clean, and legible. Lines should be dark enough for
purposes of reproduction. The figure number and caption always appear after the
figure. Place one line space before the figure caption and one line space after
the figure. The figure caption should be lower case (except for first word and
proper nouns); figures are numbered consecutively.
You may use color figures. However, it is best for the figure captions and the
paper body to be legible if the paper is printed in either black/white or in
color.
\subsection{Tables}
All tables must be centered, neat, clean and legible. The table number and
title always appear before the table. See Table~\ref{sample-table}.
Place one line space before the table title, one line space after the
table title, and one line space after the table. The table title must
be lower case (except for first word and proper nouns); tables are
numbered consecutively.
Note that publication-quality tables \emph{do not contain vertical rules.} We
strongly suggest the use of the \verb+booktabs+ package, which allows for
typesetting high-quality, professional tables:
\begin{center}
\url{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/booktabs}
\end{center}
This package was used to typeset Table~\ref{sample-table}.
\begin{table}
\caption{Sample table title}
\label{sample-table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\toprule
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Part} \\
\cmidrule(r){1-2}
Name & Description & Size ($\mu$m) \\
\midrule
Dendrite & Input terminal & $\sim$100 \\
Axon & Output terminal & $\sim$10 \\
Soma & Cell body & up to $10^6$ \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\section{Final instructions}
Do not change any aspects of the formatting parameters in the style files. In
particular, do not modify the width or length of the rectangle the text should
fit into, and do not change font sizes (except perhaps in the
\textbf{References} section; see below). Please note that pages should be
numbered.
\section{Preparing PDF files}
Please prepare submission files with paper size ``US Letter,'' and not, for
example, ``A4.''
Fonts were the main cause of problems in the past years. Your PDF file must only
contain Type 1 or Embedded TrueType fonts. Here are a few instructions to
achieve this.
\begin{itemize}
\item You should directly generate PDF files using \verb+pdflatex+.
\item You can check which fonts a PDF files uses. In Acrobat Reader, select the
menu Files$>$Document Properties$>$Fonts and select Show All Fonts. You can
also use the program \verb+pdffonts+ which comes with \verb+xpdf+ and is
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\item The IEEE has recommendations for generating PDF files whose fonts are also
acceptable for NeurIPS. Please see
\url{http://www.emfield.org/icuwb2010/downloads/IEEE-PDF-SpecV32.pdf}
\item \verb+xfig+ "patterned" shapes are implemented with bitmap fonts. Use
"solid" shapes instead.
\item The \verb+\bbold+ package almost always uses bitmap fonts. You should use
the equivalent AMS Fonts:
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\end{verbatim}
followed by, e.g., \verb+\mathbb{R}+, \verb+\mathbb{N}+, or \verb+\mathbb{C}+
for $\mathbb{R}$, $\mathbb{N}$ or $\mathbb{C}$. You can also use the following
workaround for reals, natural and complex:
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\RR}{I\!\!R} %real numbers
\newcommand{\Nat}{I\!\!N} %natural numbers
\newcommand{\CC}{I\!\!\!\!C} %complex numbers
\end{verbatim}
Note that \verb+amsfonts+ is automatically loaded by the \verb+amssymb+ package.
\end{itemize}
If your file contains type 3 fonts or non embedded TrueType fonts, we will ask \section{Experiments}
you to fix it.
\subsection{Margins in \LaTeX{}} \subsection{Methodology}
Most of the margin problems come from figures positioned by hand using
\verb+\special+ or other commands. We suggest using the command
\verb+\includegraphics+ from the \verb+graphicx+ package. Always specify the
figure width as a multiple of the line width as in the example below:
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} ...
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{myfile.pdf}
\end{verbatim}
See Section 4.4 in the graphics bundle documentation
(\url{http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf})
A number of width problems arise when \LaTeX{} cannot properly hyphenate a \subsection{Experimental Results}
line. Please give LaTeX hyphenation hints using the \verb+\-+ command when
necessary.
\textbf{Grounded Language.}
\section*{Broader Impact} \textbf{Intention.}
Authors are required to include a statement of the broader impact of their work, including its ethical aspects and future societal consequences. \textbf{Common knowledge.}
Authors should discuss both positive and negative outcomes, if any. For instance, authors should discuss a)
who may benefit from this research, b) who may be put at disadvantage from this research, c) what are the consequences of failure of the system, and d) whether the task/method leverages
biases in the data. If authors believe this is not applicable to them, authors can simply state this.
Use unnumbered first level headings for this section, which should go at the end of the paper. {\bf Note that this section does not count towards the eight pages of content that are allowed.} \section{Related Work}
\begin{ack}
Use unnumbered first level headings for the acknowledgments. All acknowledgments
go at the end of the paper before the list of references. Moreover, you are required to declare
funding (financial activities supporting the submitted work) and competing interests (related financial activities outside the submitted work).
More information about this disclosure can be found at: \url{https://neurips.cc/Conferences/2020/PaperInformation/FundingDisclosure}.
\section{Conclusions}
Do {\bf not} include this section in the anonymized submission, only in the final paper. You can use the \texttt{ack} environment provided in the style file to autmoatically hide this section in the anonymized submission.
\end{ack}
\section*{References} \cite{DBLP:conf/iclr/WuLCS18}
References follow the acknowledgments. Use unnumbered first-level heading for
the references. Any choice of citation style is acceptable as long as you are
consistent. It is permissible to reduce the font size to \verb+small+ (9 point)
when listing the references.
{\bf Note that the Reference section does not count towards the eight pages of content that are allowed.}
\medskip
\small \clearpage
\newpage
[1] Alexander, J.A.\ \& Mozer, M.C.\ (1995) Template-based algorithms for
connectionist rule extraction. In G.\ Tesauro, D.S.\ Touretzky and T.K.\ Leen
(eds.), {\it Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7},
pp.\ 609--616. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
[2] Bower, J.M.\ \& Beeman, D.\ (1995) {\it The Book of GENESIS: Exploring %%%%%%%%% -- BIB STYLE AND FILE -- %%%%%%%%
Realistic Neural Models with the GEneral NEural SImulation System.} New York: \bibliographystyle{IEEEtranS}
TELOS/Springer--Verlag. \bibliography{ref}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
[3] Hasselmo, M.E., Schnell, E.\ \& Barkai, E.\ (1995) Dynamics of learning and
recall at excitatory recurrent synapses and cholinergic modulation in rat
hippocampal region CA3. {\it Journal of Neuroscience} {\bf 15}(7):5249-5262.
\end{document} \end{document}
NIPS2020/ref.bib 0 → 100644
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iclr/WuLCS18,
author = {Shuang Wu and
Guoqi Li and
Feng Chen and
Luping Shi},
title = {Training and Inference with Integers in Deep Neural Networks},
booktitle = {6th International Conference on Learning Representations, {ICLR} 2018,
Vancouver, BC, Canada, April 30 - May 3, 2018, Conference Track Proceedings},
year = {2018},
url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=HJGXzmspb},
timestamp = {Thu, 04 Apr 2019 13:20:09 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/iclr/WuLCS18},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
\ No newline at end of file
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